Zeitschriftenartikel
Critical evaluation of commonly used methods to determine the concordance between sonography and magnetic resonance imaging: A comparative study
Warneke, Konstantin; Keiner, Michael; Lohmann, Lars Hubertus; Brinkmann, Anna; Hein, Andreas; Schiemann, Stephan; Wirth, Klaus
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1496

Introduction: An increasing number of studies investigate the influence of training interventions on muscle thickness (MT) by using ultrasonography. Ultrasonography is stated as a reliable and valid tool to examine muscle morphology. Researches investigating the effects of a training intervention lasting a few weeks need a very precise measurement since increases in MT can be assumed as small. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to investigate the concordance between MT via sonography and muscle cross-sectional area (MCSA) determined via MRI imaging (gold standard) in the calf muscle. Methods: Reliability of sonography measurement and the concordance correlation coefficient, the mean error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) between sonography and MRI were determined. Results: Results show intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of 0.88–0.95 and MAPE of 4.63–8.57%. Concordance between MT and MCSA was examined showing ρ = 0.69–0.75 for the medial head and 0.39–0.51 c for the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. A MAPE of 15.88–19.94% between measurements were determined. Based on this, assuming small increases in MT due to training interventions, even with an ICC of 0.95, MAPE shows a high error between two investigators and therefore limited objectivity. Discussion: The high MAPE of 15.88–19.94% as well as CCC of ρc = 0.39–0.75 exhibit that there are significant differences between MRI and sonography. Therefore, data from short term interventions using sonography to detect changes in the MT should be handled with caution.

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Using a Bivariate Polynomial in an EKF for State and Inductance Estimations in the Presence of Saturation Effects to Adaptively Control a PMSM
Zwerger, Tanja; Mercorelli, Paolo
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1495

This paper takes into consideration a combined extended Kalman filter (CEKF) by using a bivariate polynomial for the estimation of Ld and Lq in saturation conditions. In the context of the Kalman filter (KF), Ld and Lq are modelled as nonlinear augmented states to control a permanent magnetic synchronous machine (PMSM). Once Ld and Lq are estimated, continuous monitoring of the machine saturation conditions is achieved to ensure the desired torque even under saturation conditions. The proposed adaptive control method based on maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) consists of an adaptive feedforward and PI controller. A discussion in light of the measured results using Hardware-in-the-loop is also included.

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Ionic liquids vs. ethanol as extraction media of algicidal compounds from mango processing waste
Segatto, Mateus Lodi; Schnarr, Lena; Olsson, Oliver; Kümmerer, Klaus; Gomes Zuin Zeidler, Vania
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1494

The race for environmentally-safe pesticides and biocides has been showing solutions ranging from pest-pathologic microorganisms to safer botanical extracts that can be incorporated in several formulations. Often linked to high biological activities, fruit residues can be recovered from food processing factories to obtain complex extracts enriched with several bioactive chemicals. Mango (Mangifera indica) fruits are processed into food products in high volumes across the globe and generate a consistent residue that contains, among others, the xanthonoid mangiferin and the flavonoid hyperoside. Both compounds have been linked to several pharmacological and pesticidal activities, although not yet studied for algicidal applications, a current concern specially for antifouling and harmful algae blooms control products. The challenge lies, however, not only on the degree of activity of the natural compounds, but also on the processes necessary to separate, isolate and formulate the bioactive compounds in order to obtain an effective final product. The solvent choice plays an important part regarding the selectivity of the separation and isolation of the main bioactive compounds from the solid waste matrix. Ethanolic mixtures in water have been consolidated recently as a promising extraction medium for flavonoids and xanthonoids, although hindered by solubility limitations. In this paper, aqueous solutions of ionic liquids (ILs) were tested, screened and optimized using Box-Behnken design and Response Surface Methodology to obtain mangiferin and hyperoside-enriched extracts. Results showed a greater concentration of mangiferin and hyperoside with 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C8MIm] Cl), when compared to choline acetate and ethanolic extracts using optimized parameters. In terms of sufficiency, solvent selection between ILs and ethanolic extraction media was discussed considering economic and environmental factors. Ethanol/water mango waste extracts were then studied for their activity against Raphidocelis subcapitata microalgae, which showed a higher growth inhibition in comparison to standard solutions of mangiferin and hyperoside, either individually and in a 1:1 mixture. A EC50 value was found in relative low concentrations of mangiferin and hyperoside (0.015 mg L−1) detected in the extract, showcasing a promising approach to the direct use of residuary plant extracts in biocidal formulations.

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Reviewing relational values for future research: insights from the coast
Riechers, Maraja; Betz, Lydia; Gould, Rachelle; Loch, Theresa Klara; Lam, David Patrick Michael; Lazzari, Natali; Martín-López, Berta; Sala, Juan Emilio
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1493

To create the science we need for the ocean we want in this United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development and to support the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) value assessment, we systematically reviewed literature from the past 20 years (N = 375) that used conceptualizations of relational values in coastal and marine ecosystems of the Global South. We found four clusters of research highlighting specific characteristics. Cluster one (participatory and qualitative approaches) was defined by a focus on the relational value of cultural heritage and the production of qualitative social science data, often with a participatory approach. Cluster two (Indigenous and local ecological knowledges held by fishers and gatherers) linked to the explicit inclusion of Indigenous and local knowledges in research and to aspects of biodiversity and marine resources. Cluster three (ecological and environmental change) was determined by relational values of social relations and identity of residents and community members through the use of anthropological and ethnographic methods and linked to ecological and environmental change. Cluster four (recreation and quantitative data) was characterized by a variety of relational values, such as recreation and enjoyment, aesthetics and inspiration, or stewardship, and based on quantitative empirical social research methods mainly elicited from coastal users (such as tourists). We highlight (1) the most prevalent relational values; (2) the necessity to bridge dispersed research approaches; and (3) the possible negative impact of globalization, market pressure, and ecological degradation on relational values. Our lessons learnt are the challenge of conflating relational values with structures, institutions, or emotions; the necessity of accounting for dynamic influences on relational values; and finding ways to comparably quantify relational value categories. Our recommendations for future research are: (1) specificity regarding relational values and their object of value; (2) using transdisciplinary and participatory approaches; and (3) strengthening pro-environmental relational values for sustainability transformation.

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The Adaptive Test of Emotion Knowledge for 3-to 9-Year-Olds: Psychometric Properties and Validity
Voltmer, Katharina; von Salisch, Maria
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1492

Children with an advanced knowledge of emotions are generally more socially competent, less likely to suffer from psychopathology, and more likely to succeed in school, both socially and academically. The assessment of children's emotion knowledge has thus gained importance in recent decades - both in psychiatric practice and in developmental and educational psychology. However, there is still a lack of appropriate instruments for assessing children's emotion knowledge in a performance test reliably, and for a broad age range. The Adaptive Test of Emotion Knowledge (ATEM 3–9) is a newly developed measure which encompasses seven components of emotion knowledge in 3–9-year-olds. The ATEM 3–9 is an adaptive test which uses skip and dropout rules to adjust for children's varying levels of knowledge. In addition to German, the ATEM has been translated into English and Hebrew. The German norming sample of the ATEM 3–9 comprises N = 882 (54% female, 21% bilingual) children between the ages of 3 and 9 years, who were divided into seven age groups. Test items, which are ordered according to the item response theory, showed a good fit to a seven-dimensional model reflecting the seven components. The internal consistencies of the dimensions are acceptable to good. Construct validity was examined by means of correlations with other measures of emotion knowledge, as well as measures on language skills and executive functions in a subsample. This resulted in medium size correlations in the expected directions. In addition, children with externalizing and internalizing disorders who were recruited in psychiatric in- and outpatient clinics showed deficits in various components of emotion knowledge when compared to their agemates in the norming sample. Overall, the ATEM 3–9 is well suited to measure individual components of emotion knowledge in children and to obtain a differentiated picture of the various aspects of emotion knowledge. The ATEM 3–9 thus supports the investigation of the development of social-emotional competencies in normative development (e.g., school readiness) and in social-emotional-learning interventions. Furthermore, it is suitable as an instrument for the differentiated assessment of (progress of) children's emotion knowledge in clinical child psychology and psychiatry.

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Influence of Long-Lasting Static Stretching on Maximal Strength, Muscle Thickness and Flexibility
Warneke, Konstantin; Brinkmann, Anna; Hillebrecht, Martin; Schiemann, Stephan
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1491

Background: In animal studies long-term stretching interventions up to several hours per day have shown large increases in muscle mass as well as maximal strength. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a long-term stretching on maximal strength, muscle cross sectional area (MCSA) and range of motion (ROM) in humans. Methods: 52 subjects were divided into an Intervention group (IG, n = 27) and a control group (CG, n = 25). IG stretched the plantar flexors for one hour per day for six weeks using an orthosis. Stretching was performed on one leg only to investigate the contralateral force transfer. Maximal isometric strength (MIS) and 1RM were both measured in extended knee joint. Furthermore, we investigated the MCSA of IG in the lateral head of the gastrocnemius (LG) using sonography. Additionally, ROM in the upper ankle was investigated via the functional “knee to wall stretch” test (KtW) and a goniometer device on the orthosis. A two-way ANOVA was performed in data analysis, using the Scheffé Test as post-hoc test. Results: There were high time-effects (p = 0.003, ƞ² = 0.090) and high interaction-effect (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0.387) for MIS and also high time-effects (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0.193) and interaction-effects (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0,362) for 1RM testing. Furthermore, we measured a significant increase of 15.2% in MCSA of LG with high time-effect (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0.545) and high interaction-effect (p=0.015, ƞ²=0.406). In ROM we found in both tests significant increases up to 27.3% with moderate time-effect (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0.129) and high interaction-effect (p < 0.001, ƞ²=0.199). Additionally, we measured significant contralateral force transfers in maximal strength tests of 11.4% (p < 0.001) in 1RM test and 1.4% (p=0.462) in MIS test. Overall, there we no significant effects in control situations for any parameter (CG and non-intervened leg of IG). Discussion: We hypothesize stretching-induced muscle damage comparable to effects of mechanical load of strength training, that led to hypertrophy and thus to an increase in maximal strength. Increases in ROM could be attributed to longitudinal hypertrophy effects, e.g., increase in serial sarcomeres. Measured cross-education effects could be explained by central neural adaptations due to stimulation of the stretched muscles.

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Multiple anthropogenic pressures challenge the effectiveness of protected areas in western Tanzania
Giliba, Richard A.; Fust, Pascal; Kiffner, Christian; Loos, Jacqueline
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1490

Despite being key conservation instruments, the ecological effectiveness of protected areas (PAs) is contested. To assess the ecological effectiveness of PAs in the Katavi-Rukwa Ecosystem (KRE) in western Tanzania, we investigated temporal changes in land-use and population densities of six large mammal target species (elephant, buffalo, giraffe, zebra, topi, and hartebeest) across areas with different conservation category, ranging from unprotected to strictly protected. During six survey periods between 1991 and 2018, we analyzed data from remote sensing and aerial wildlife surveys to derive (i) spatiotemporal patterns of cropland cover in relation to protection category; (ii) population densities of the six-target species; and (iii) distribution of these species across protection category, land-use and environmental variables. During the surveyed period, cropland increased from 3.4 % to 9.6 % on unprotected land and from ≤0.05 % to <1 % on protected land. Wildlife densities of most, but not all target species declined across the entire landscape, yet the onset of the observed wildlife declines occurred several years before the onset of cropland expansion. Logistic regression models indicated that target species preferred the national park over less strictly PAs and areas distant to cropland. As our data do not support a direct link between land-use change and wildlife densities, additional factors may explain the apparent ecosystem-wide decline in wildlife. To bolster wildlife conservation in the KRE, we recommended proactive strategies to reduce direct threats to wildlife and cropland expansion toward wildlife dispersal areas and migratory corridors.

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Students’ perspectives on wheelchair basketball in mainstream and special schools
Greve, Steffen; Süßenbach, Jessica
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1489

Very little research has been done on students’ perspectives on sports courses in special schools. The state of knowledge about students’ perspectives on concrete teaching concepts in inclusive physical education (PE) at mainstream schools is almost as incomplete. The present study was designed to address these two desiderata. For this purpose, a teaching concept was developed that was implemented in the PE lesson of one class in a mainstream school and in two sports courses in two special schools. Following this, guided interviews were conducted with 19 students: four boys and four girls from the mainstream school and 10 boys and one girl from the special school. The interviews were analyzed using grounded theory coding techniques. The students’ views differed strongly between the different school types. The students in the mainstream school expressed themselves very positively about the content of wheelchair basketball, but they saw sitting in a wheelchair as a very deficient activity. The students at the special school did not express the same opinion. However, it became clear that the special school was a microcosm that provided a sanctuary for the students. Leaving this comfort zone, for example, to join a wheelchair basketball club, could be very difficult for them. Mainstream school students, however, found learning opportunities in this context: They discovered a new perspective, namely, that of a person with disabilities, even if only for a very short time.

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To use or not to use learning data: A survey study to explain German primary school teachers’ usage of data from digital learning platforms for purposes of individualization
Hase, Alina; Kahnbach, Leonie; Kuhl, Poldi; Lehr, Dirk
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1488

Digital learning platforms (DLP) provide various types of information about student learning when used for learning and practice. This learning data holds potential for individualized instruction, which has become increasingly necessary for adequately addressing learners’ individual needs. For primary schools in particular, this is important for developing inclusive schools. However, despite the potential of DLP and the learning data that can be obtained from them, they are rarely used by teachers. Furthermore, little is known about factors that lead teachers to use learning data for instruction and individual support. To address this research gap, we conducted an online cross-sectional survey study of N = 272 primary school teachers in Germany. After describing the respondents’ current and previous usage of learning data from DLP, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the influence of predictors on respondents’ intention to use as well as their usage of learning data from DLP. Finally, we discuss the need for increased usage of learning data in teacher education and training, contributing to ongoing debates about the usage of digital learning data in educational research and practice.

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Overselling democracy-claiming legitimacy? The link between democratic pretention, notions of democracy and citizens' evaluations of regimes' democraticness
Brunkert, Lennart Joe
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1485

Many non-democratic countries anchor the word “democracy” in their national constitutions and everyday rhetoric, while ignoring the conceptual roots of democracy and its scholarly-defined procedural standards. This article argues that governments intentionally “oversell” democracy to their people, in order to exploit the legitimizing effect that the word embodies. This can, however, only succeed if the receiving side is susceptible to such claims to legitimacy. Accordingly, this study investigates how effective “overselling” attempts are in light of individuals' liberal vs. illiberal notions of democracy. Building on congruence theory, it juxtaposes the, at times blatant, “overselling” with individual-level notions of democracy and, thus, investigates whether governments' attempts to claim democratic-procedural legitimacy are contingent on citizens' understanding of the concept. Using multilevel moderation analyses, it shows that illiberal, authoritarian notions of democracy can convert “overselling” into positive evaluations of a regime, whereas prevailing liberal notions unmask “overselling” governments and create additional criticality. The conclusion argues that notions of democracy function as a filter, which matches true and false demand and supply of democracy. The findings help to understand why and how democratization movements can unfold and why some citizens see their country as democratic even though it is not.

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Dissertation
Toward sustainable water governance: Paradigms, context, and sustainability performance
Bilalova, Shahana
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1482

The global water crisis, exacerbated by human activities and climate change, has reached critical levels. Recent studies and reports highlight the need for immediate action to protect threatened ecosystems and to ensure sustainable water resources. The current water crisis is widely argued to be a crisis of governance. With shifting societal priorities and increasing understanding of water systems, new and diverse governance approaches have emerged and spread. This is also reflected in the growing body of literature that examines different governance approaches in relation to the context in which they have been implemented. This doctoral dissertation analyzes the existing empirical literature on water governance to explore the interactions between governance paradigms and characteristics, context, and water sustainability performance. Additionally, it provides important conceptual insights into water governance paradigms and presents novel empirical findings in the examination of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). Focusing on paradigms is important as it offers a valuable lens to understand water governance better, allowing us to examine the underlying principles that may guide governance decisions, the role of context in shaping governance practices, and the dynamics within water governance. This dissertation aims to achieve three main objectives: (1) identify and examine water governance paradigms, (2) explore patterns in water sustainability performance associated with different governance paradigms and identify effective governance pathways, and (3) examine the role of context in water governance effectiveness, the relationship between context and governance paradigms, and the link between water-related problem contexts and governance. To address these objectives, the dissertation employs a mixed-method approach, integrating quantitative and set-theoretic methods, drawing from and contributing to two areas of research: water sustainability and water governance. The results show that paradigms may play an important role in how water governance is structured, who is involved, and how problems are perceived. However, the relationship between paradigms and governance is not always linear, as governance systems often emerge from the complex interplay of several factors rather than being determined by a single paradigm. Paradigms are dynamic: co-occurring with other paradigms, appearing in different forms in different contexts, and evolving over time with shifting societal priorities while leaving legacies. Their emergence and spread result from the influence of diverse actors in shaping the discourse, practices, and evolving landscapes of water governance worldwide. Therefore, while these paradigms are not always well acknowledged in the literature, it is imperative to zoom into paradigms to understand water governance better. Results on how governance systems perform regarding water sustainability show that certain paradigms, such as “participatory and collaborative governance,” “integrated approach to water management,” and “adaptive (co-)management or governance,” and “community-based management,” are reported to perform better. However, it is important to account for context-specific circumstances. Successful governance does not always have a straightforward design and might involve aspects from different paradigms in response to the problem it addresses. Furthermore, the relationship between water governance and water sustainability performance is complex and influenced by the specific context within which water governance operates. Context shapes how the paradigms are translated on the ground, how they perform, and what is needed to address specific water problems, including how successful governance pathways relate to the nature of problématiques (i.e., problem contexts). This requires a nuanced understanding of context, as there are no simple, one-size-fits-all solutions to governance challenges. The findings presented in this dissertation contribute to a deeper understanding of the water governance paradigms and the interactions between governance, context, and water sustainability performance within the water governance literature. The results emphasize the need for recognizing the shaping influence of the context within which governance operates. The insights into problem contexts provide policymakers with an entry point for developing tailored policies that effectively address specific challenges.

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Dissertation
Reasons or Principles: What makes for a better decision?
Botros, Christina
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1481

The main interest of this dissertation is in two deliberative decision strategies, 'deciding by reasons' and 'deciding by principle', and their potential to lead to a good decision. These two strategies are adopted from the philosophical literature, specifically the debate between particularists and generalists in moral philosophy. Accordingly, this dissertation includes philosophical as well as psychological work. The first part, 'Theoretical', focuses on the underlying argument using philosophical methods. After thoroughly scrutinizing the main terms used in decision sciences and in this dissertation (chap. 1), the subsequent chapters examine what is decision quality (chap. 2), theories of well-being and utility (chap. 3), and introduce the distinction between deciding by reasons and deciding by principle as well as ways to measure well-being (chap. 4). The whole argument is then summarized in chapter 'Consolidation: The Argument'. The part is concluded by delineating previous psychological research (chap. 5) and introducing the present empirical research (chap. 6). The second part, 'Empirical', includes three endeavors: the Pilot Study (chap. 7 and 8), questionnaires (chap. 9), and experiments (chap. 10). The Pilot Study has received a prominent position, because due to very little previous research on the matter, piloting was important to pave the way for this research. The Pilot Study established the feasibility of conducting this research as planned, as well as it spurred further inquiries besides the main topic. The chapter 'Questionnaires' (chap. 9) is largely an acknowledgment of the importance of these further topics motivated by the Pilot Study. It includes the construction and first validation of the Strategy Satisfaction Questionnaire (SSQ) and the Decision Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Furthermore, it had become evident that what I call the effect of content is something to be calculated with: Studying decisions necessitates (fictional) decisions for participants to work with -- but these decisions come with specific contents and the contents matter. Yet, there is no taxonomy of decision situations which would allow contextualizing or even partially controlling content. Accordingly, the last part of the chapter is devoted to eight Decision Categorization Scales (DCSs), categorizing decisions. Among these, one newly constructed scale based on textbook material, the Characteristics of Decision Situations Scale, proved especially interesting. The chapter 'Reasons vs. Principles' (chap. 10) then is devoted to the question whether it is using reasons or principles for decision making that leads to greater satisfaction. Three experiments are reported, two use a well-researched paradigm (the Trolley paradigm, the MADM paradigm), and one is a field experiment. The Trolley Experiment came with the additional mandate to show that the distinction between deciding by reasons and deciding by principle is psychologically not the same as deciding as a consequentialist or a deontologist, which could be shown analyzing participants' string variables. The MADM Experiment is a very straightforward experiment (of several further ones not reported, cf. Table Ad.1 on page 769 within the Appendix) testing the effect of the two decision strategies on satisfaction together with a control condition -- and does not find a difference. Taken together with the already weak and eclectic results of decision strategy on satisfaction in both the Pilot Study and the Trolley Experiment, another approach was due. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted where participants were to use the two deliberative strategies and a control strategy for real decisions in their own life at least 10 times during one week (between subjects). The Field Experiment did indeed find differences of decision strategy for immediate and global satisfaction -- however entirely conditioned upon gender (which had not been expected). All empirical results are thoroughly discussed within their own sections. Furthermore, all results are then summarized in chapter 'Consolidation: The Results'. The third part, 'Concluding', involves two enterprises. On the one hand, since this research project has spanned such a long time from conception to conclusion, and such little empirical research could be relied on when the project was conceived, another thorough and systematic literature search was conducted, documented, and according literature was reviewed (chap. 11 and 12). Relevant literature was then discussed in the light of results and non-results of the present research, and conclusions were drawn as to the possibility of effects of decision strategy on measures of satisfaction. The part concludes with an evaluation of the present research and an answer to the question posed in the introduction (chap. 13).

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Experimental and numerical investigation of laser beam-welded Al–Cu–Li joints using micro-mechanical characteristics
Examilioti, Theano N.; Papanikos, Paraskevas; Kashaev, Nikolai; Klusemann, Benjamin; Alexopoulos, Nikolaos D.
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1480

The local tensile mechanical properties of laser beam-welded joints of AA2198 alloy with Al–Si filler wire were experimentally investigated. For this purpose, micro-flat tensile specimens were extracted from the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone. The chemical composition of the filler wire affects the local mechanical properties in the fusion zone, showing an approximately 26% decrease in yield strength from the radiation exposure side to the weld root side. The effect of post–weld heat treatment on the tensile mechanical behavior was additionally investigated for different heat treatment artificial ageing conditions. The maximum yield strength increase was noticed for 48 h of artificial ageing for the weld root side of the fusion zone. Several approximations were proposed to correlate the hardness measurements with the local tensile mechanical properties of the welded joint that allow for a fast assessment of the global tensile mechanical behaviour of the welded joint. To evaluate the effect of (i) artificial ageing and (ii) geometrical imperfections of the weld on the mechanical behavior of the welded joint, finite element analyses were performed, using the local mechanical properties as input to the model. It is shown that the local mechanical properties of the fusion zone play a pivotal role on the strain localization and fracture of the welded joint.

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Mandatory non-financial reporting in the banking industry: assessing reporting quality and determinants
Schröder, Philipp
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1479

European companies that are larger than a specific size have had to comply with reporting requirements on non-financial topics since 2017 under the European Union’s Non-Financial Reporting Directive (2014/95/EU), thereby making non-financial reporting (NFR) mandatory. To the best of the author’s knowledge, no study has examined the quality of non-financial reporting in banks’ compulsory reports over several years. Therefore, the unique objective of this study is to assess the non-financial reporting quality (NFRQ) in the mandatory NFR of the 100 largest banks operating in Germany over three years, and identify reporting-level determinants (experience, format, framework, and audit) that impact NFRQ. A novel framework is developed to measure NFRQ, and different statistical analyses are used to test hypotheses. This study provides notable results: (1) NFRQ in banks’ mandatory reporting is below average despite displaying significant positive development over the years; and (2) banks’ NFRQ is significantly impacted by three reporting-level determinants (experience, format, and framework). Additionally, this study highlights meaningful implications for theory, practice, and policy on the future of mandatory NFR in the EU.

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Microbial nutrient limitation and catalytic adjustments revealed from a long-term nutrient restriction experiment
Kumar, Amit; Pausch, Johanna
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1478

Introduction: Microbial abundance and activities in soils are predominantly determined by soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability. Much research has focused on the effects of soil N than P availability on soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities as sensitive proxies of microbial ecophysiology highlighting the need to investigate how microbes will respond to P availability in soil, especially in cropping systems. Materials and Methods: The effect of P fertilisation on microbial biomass-C, -N and -P, and the kinetic parameters (maximal velocity [Vmax], Michaelis constant [Km] and catalytic efficiency [Ka]) of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG; C-acquiring), leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP; predominantly N-acquiring) and acid phosphomonoesterase (PHO; P-acquiring) were measured in a nutrient-poor agricultural soil (devoid of fertiliser application since 1942). Results: This study showed that P fertilisation led to a 65% and 56% increase in microbial biomass-N and -P, respectively, indicating severe P limitation and inefficient N acquisition by microbes without P availability. Increased Ka values of LAP with P fertilisation further hint toward the production of efficient isoenzymes to avoid resource tradeoffs for nutrient acquisition. Conclusions: Overall, these results decipher microbial metabolic and catalytic adjustments mediated by soil P availability. Increased microbial biomass-N and -P with P fertilisation indicated microbial N and P colimitation that was partly overcome by the production of efficient enzymes for N acquisition with P fertilisation. We argue to incorporate microbial enzyme activities as a response to different management strategies to better inform us about soil biogeochemical cycles in cropping systems.

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Cross-dressing women in the cinema of the Russian Empire, 1910-1917
Korotkova, Stasya
2023|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1477

This article analyses cross-dressed performances by women in films produced in the Russian Empire between 1910 and 1917. It examines around 25 films, both those that are extant and those considered lost, and identifies two major groups: cross-gender cast films and films featuring women characters who temporarily disguise their gender identity. In most of the films in the first group, women are cast in the roles of boys and young men, which links them directly to the theatrical travesty tradition. The article devotes special attention to Portret Doriana Greia / The Picture of Dorian Gray (Vsevolod Meyerhold, 1915, Russian Empire), in which the actress Varvara Ianova played the eponymous role. It also traces some of the public discussions on the topic of travesty in Imperial Russian theatrical circles, focusing on a 1905 brochure Pochemu ia igraiu rol’ Orleanskoi Devy / Why I Play the Part of the Maid of Orleans by Boris Glagolin, an innovative theatrical actor and director who indeed portrayed Joan of Arc on stage. Among the films that depicted cross-dressing as intrinsic to the plot, the article briefly reviews several comedies, as well as dramas in which cross-dressing was less widely represented and usually included as part of a heroic narrative. The film Nelli Raintseva (Evgenii Bauer, 1916, Russian Empire) represents a remarkable exception to this trend and is therefore analysed more closely.

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Habilitation, Buch
Boxsport im schulischen Feld
Marquardt, Arwed
2021

This study aims to answer the question of how interactions between pupils, teachers and coaches in an extracurricular boxing training are created. Focus lies on the occurring dynamics and how they can be interpreted in connection to the school setting. The approach to this study can be placed within an extended ethnographic framework and has been defined as ‘enactive’; it is primarily understood as participant observation. This approach was possible due to the researcher’s status as coach and teacher, allowing them to reflect on their own actions and interactions in the field. Data collected for this study was based on several field research projects spanning several years. These studies were conducted in schools, out-of-school institutions and sports clubs. The data is presented as Thick Description. The results show: In coaching settings, there is an increased number of socio-emotional dynamics which require educational and reflexive proficiency. This proficiency is not only valid in the coaching itself but also important for school settings in general. This reflexive proficiency needs to be included in educational discourse and should be referred to more often, especially in relation to inclusive schooling.

In der vorliegenden Studie wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie die Interaktionen von Schüler*innen, Lehrer*innen und Trainer*innen in einem schulisch-außerunterrichtlichen Boxsporttraining gestaltet sind. Dabei steht im Fokus, welche Dynamiken auftreten und wie diese im Zusammenhang mit Schule verstanden werden können. In Erweiterung einer Ethnographie, die vornehmlich als teilnehmende Beobachtung verstanden wird, ist in dieser Studie ein Forschungsansatz erarbeitet worden, der als enaktiv bezeichnet wird. Diese Herangehensweise wurde umgesetzt, indem der Forscher seinen Habitus als Trainer und Lehrer eingebracht und aus dieser Position heraus immer wieder das eigene Handeln sowie die Interaktionen im Feld reflektiert hat. Es wurden mehrjährige Feldforschungen an Schulen, Vereinen und in außerschulischen Bildungseinrichtungen durchgeführt. Die hierbei erhobenen Daten werden in dieser Studie als Dichte Beschreibung dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen: Im Training treten verstärkt sozio-emotionale Dynamiken auf, die professionelle und reflexiv angelegte Erziehungs- und Beziehungskompetenzen erforderlich machen. Diese gelten über das Training hinaus grundsätzlich für schulische Prozesse und müssen im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Diskurs nicht zuletzt vor dem Hintergrund inklusiver Beschulung verstärkt aufgegriffen werden.

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Learning Soccer in Elementary School: Using Teaching Games for Understanding and Digital Media
Greve, Steffen; Diekhoff, Henrike; Süßenbach, Jessica
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1475

In this study, a digitally supported sports game teaching process for elementary school was investigated using the teaching approach, Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU). The investigation was carried out to investigate the research question: How do elementary school students experience and interpret the use of digital media when teaching soccer using the TGfU approach in physical education (PE) lessons? To this end, a teaching unit on soccer was carried out in four classes in fourth grade according to the TGfU teaching method. During the unit, the 9- and 10-year-old students recorded one another with an app and tagged certain game situations according to predefined criteria. The sequences (approximately 8 s) were discussed together during the reflection phases. Following the lesson, 65 guided interviews were conducted with students. The research approach focuses on the perspectives of the students involved. Data collection and analysis were based on grounded theory methodology. The interviews revealed very ambivalent perspectives on the use of the app. Overall, the students were very reflective about the use of the app. The digital medium was interpreted as an aid in the learning process and was clearly less important than playing the game itself. The children reported many attempts to implement the tactical ideas discussed together in the reflection phases in the subsequent game. However, many students who described themselves as good soccer players saw the app’s use as rather superfluous. The misuse of the film option was also interesting: The students often used this option as a video assistance referee, for example, to quickly clarify disputed situations. The results, thus, show extremely pragmatic handling of the digital tool by the students.

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Using a leverage points perspective to compare social-ecological systems: a case study on rural landscapes
Fischer, Joern; Abson, David J.; Dorresteijn, Ine; Hanspach, Jan; Hartel, Tibor; Schultner, Jannik; Sherren, Kate
2022|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1474

A leverage points perspective recognises different levels of systemic depth, ranging from the relatively shallow levels of parameters and feedbacks to the deeper levels of system design and intent. Analysing a given social-ecological system for its characteristics across these four levels of systemic depth provides a useful diagnostic to better understand sustainability problems, and can complement other types of cause-and-effect systems modelling. Moreover, the structured comparison of multiple systems can highlight whether sustainability challenges in different systems have a similar origin (e.g. similar feedbacks or similar design). We used a leverage points perspective to systematically compare findings from three in-depth social-ecological case studies, which investigated rural landscapes in southeastern Australia, central Romania, and southwestern Ethiopia. Inductive coding of key findings documented in over 60 empirical publications was used to generate synthesis statements of key findings in the three case studies. Despite major socioeconomic and ecological differences, many synthesis statements applied to all three case studies. Major sustainability problems occurred at the design and intent levels. For example, at the intent level, all three rural landscapes were driven by goals and paradigms that mirrored a productivist green revolution discourse. Our paper thus highlights that there are underlying challenges for rural sustainability across the world, which appear to apply similarly across strongly contrasting socioeconomic contexts. Sustainability interventions should be mindful of such deep similarities in system characteristics. We conclude that a leverage points perspective could be used to compare many other types of social-ecological systems around the world.

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Lernmodul: Nachhaltige Entwicklung
Fischer, Andreas; Hantke, Harald; Roth, Jens-Jochen; Senneke, Kristin
2018|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1467

Die Auszubildenden erarbeiten sich zunächst die inhaltlichen Grundlagen einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, indem sie sich mit der intra- und intergenerationalen Gerechtigkeit sowie dem Drei-Dimensionen-Konzept auseinandersetzen. Diese Grundlagen werden anhand von eigenen Beispielen aus dem privaten und beruflichen Alltag konkretisiert. In einem zweiten Schritt vergleichen die Auszubildenden ihre individuelle Perspektive mit den unterschiedlichen Perspektiven in ihren Kollegien. Dabei diskutieren sie gemeinsam die Frage, ob einzelne Dimensionen der Nachhaltigkeit bevorzugt werden sollten. Auf dieser Grundlage setzen sich die Auszubildenden mit dem nachhaltigen Handeln des eigenen Betriebs auseinander, indem sie mit Hilfe einer Mitarbeiterbefragung ermitteln, welche Dimension der Nachhaltigkeit im eigenen Betrieb vorrangig beachtet wird. In einem letzten Schritt reflektieren die Auszubildenden die Ergebnisse der Befragung, indem sie mügliche Folgen für sich sowie für ihren Betrieb ableiten und zur zukünftigen Beachtung visualisieren. Dieses Modul dient als einführende Grundlage für die Bearbeitung weiterer Pro-DEENLA-Lernmodule und kann somit als Querschnittseinheit betrachtet werden.

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