Zeitschriftenartikel
Carnivores’ contributions to people in Europe
Palacios-Pacheco, Sofía; Martín-López, Berta; Expósito-Granados, Mónica; Requena-Mullor, Juan M.; Lozano, Jorge; Sánchez-Zapata, José Antonio; Morales-Reyes, Zebensui; Castro, Antonio J.
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1432

Human-carnivore relations in Europe have varied throughout history. Because of recent conservation efforts and passive rewilding, carnivore populations are recovering, which translates into more interactions with humans. Thus, unraveling these interactions as well as the multiple contributions carnivores provide to people is crucial to their conservation. We examined the literature conducted in Europe since 2000 and used the nature’s contributions to people (NCP) framework to identify factors that have shaped human-carnivore relations. To do so, we examined the state of scientific knowledge and relationships among types of NCP from carnivores, countries, and carnivore species; and between NCP, actors, and management actions. Results indicated that research has been oriented toward large carnivore species and their detrimental contributions to people. Further, the effectiveness of carnivore management strategies has only been evaluated and monitored in a limited set of all the research. To balance any negative views on carnivores, we suggest that the recognition of the duality of carnivores, as providers of both beneficial and detrimental contributions, should be included in EU conservation policies.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Customer Profitability Analysis in decision-making–The roles of customer characteristics, cost structures, and strategizing
Lueg, Rainer; Ilieva, Dima
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1431

Purpose: This study investigates the interplay between strategic goals and calculative practices, specifically Customer Profitability Analysis (CPA). Drawing on practice-based theories, the research aims to understand how managers strategize with CPA, including the balancing of financial and strategic objectives and the interplay of institutionalized practices with individual practitioners’ actions. Design: The study uses a qualitative, revelatory, and exploratory case study approach at the sub-organizational level in a manufacturing company. The researchers compare CPA practices across six departments, guided by a phenomenological research design. Data collection methods include informal conversations, qualitative observations, written documentation, numerical evidence from the accounting system, and interviews. Findings: The study offers four novel findings to the field. First, it highlights how managers employ procedural and interactive strategizing to reframe CPA practices. The sophistication of CPA practices increases with unevenly distributed customer volume, high customer-specific, controllable overhead, customer-to-customer interaction, and service complexity. Conversely, the sophistication of cost-focused CPA practices tends to decrease with diverse strategic goals. Additionally, CPA become more effective through the utilization of non-financial information, employee empowerment, localization, and strategic alignment. Second, CPA can be adapted through integrative strategizing where managers avoid using it as a financial benchmark for strategic initiatives. Third, accountants actively seek intermediary roles to incorporate arguments from strategy and marketing to balance strategic objectives–contrary to their portrayal as myopic guardians of profitability. Fourth, the localization of CPA practices to front-line employees compensates for a lack of sophisticated CPA practices. Future research: Future research should, investigate the adaptation of calculative practices in different cultures, and industries. Exploring additional contextual factors such as uncertainty, management characteristics, and linguistic framing of practices would be beneficial. Examining the interactions in utilizing CPA practices between front-line staff and customers would shed light on their effectiveness. Lastly, investigating the role of consultants in diffusing such practices would offer valuable perspectives.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Digitized Evaluation of Academic Opportunities to Learn (OTLs) Concerning Linguistically Responsive Teaching (LRT): Descriptive Results from Nine Universities
Lemmrich, Svenja; Spiekermeier Gimenes, Sina; Ehmke, Timo
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1430

Teachers in Germany are not adequately prepared to teach in a linguistically responsive way. To change that, multiple development and research projects in this area have been established over the past decade. Recent studies show that pre-service teachers still have few opportunities to learn (OTLs) in the field of linguistically responsive teaching (LRT). This study aimed to transfer the theoretical model and the DaZKom test into pre-service teacher training and evaluate LRT-relevant OTLs at nine different universities across Germany with 1649 pre-service teachers. We focused on how LRT-relevant OTLs were perceived by pre-service teachers, how LRT-related OTLs and pre-service teachers’ academic backgrounds (course of studies and experience) were related, and how OTLs impacted LRT competence. This study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the teacher training and evaluations were conducted digitally. We found that pre-service teachers report a relatively low number of LRT-relevant OTLs in their studies. In particular, LRT-relevant activities have so far been taught very rarely at universities. Also, different emphases still prevail at universities regarding the qualitative and quantitative offer of LRT-relevant OTLs, because of differences among the nine participating universities. Based on these findings, we recommend that universities offer LRT-relevant learning opportunities in the curriculum.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
First automatic size measurements for the separation of dwarf birch and tree birch pollen in MIS 6 to MIS 1 records from Northern Germany
Theuerkauf, Martin; Nehring, Elias; Gillert, Alexander; Bodien, Philipp Morten; Hein, Michael; Urban, Brigitte
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1429

During past glacial periods, the land cover of Northern Eurasia and North America repeatedly shifted between open steppe tundra and boreal/temperate forest. Tracking these changes and estimating the coverage of open versus forested vegetation in past glacial and interglacial landscapes is notoriously difficult because the characteristic dwarf birches of the tundra and the tree birches of the boreal and temperate forests produce similar pollen grains that are difficult to distinguish in the pollen record. One objective approach to separating dwarf birch pollen from tree birch pollen is to use grain size statistics. However, the required grain size measurements are time-consuming and, therefore, rarely produced. Here, we present an approach to automatic size measurement based on image recognition with convolutional neural networks and machine learning. It includes three main steps. First, the TOFSI algorithm is applied to detect and classify pollen, including birch pollen, in lake sediment samples. Second, a Resnet-18 neural network is applied to select the birch pollen suitable for measurement. Third, semantic segmentation is applied to detect the outline and the area and mean width of each detected birch pollen grain. Test applications with two pollen records from Northern Germany, one covering the Lateglacial-Early Holocene transition and the other covering the Mid to Late Pleistocene transition, show that the new technical approach is well suited to measure the area and mean width of birch pollen rapidly (>1000 per hour) and with high accuracy. Our new network-based tool facilitates more regular size measurements of birch pollen. Expanded analysis of modern birch pollen will help to better understand size variations in birch pollen between birch species and in response to environmental factors as well as differential sample preparation. Analysis of fossil samples will allow better quantification of dwarf birch versus tree birch in past environments.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Land use intensification causes the spatial contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services in southwestern Ethiopia
Duguma, Dula Wakassa; Law, Elizabeth; Shumi, Girma; Schultner, Jannik; Abson, David J.; Fischer, Joern
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1427

Integrating biodiversity conservation and food production is vital, particularly in the tropics where many landscapes are highly biodiverse, and where people directly depend on local ecosystems services that are linked to woody vegetation. Thus, it is important to understand how woody vegetation and the benefits associated with it could change under different land-use scenarios. Using a comprehensive, interdisciplinary study in southwestern Ethiopia, we modeled current and future availability of woody plant-based ecosystem services under four scenarios of landscape change. Land-use scenarios with intensified food or cash crop cultivation would lead to the contraction of woody-plant based ecosystem services from farmland to forest patches, increasing pressure on remaining forest patches. This raises questions about the viability of conventional intensification combined with land sparing—where conservation and production are separated—as a viable strategy for conservation in tropical landscapes where woody-plant based ecosystem services are vital to the lives of local communities.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Longitudinal prediction of primary school children’s COVID-related future anxiety in the second year of the pandemic in Germany
Voltmer, Katharina; von Salisch, Maria
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1426

Although research has confirmed that the first COVID-19-related lockdown has increased stress and mental health problems in children, less is known about the longer-term effects of the pandemic on children’s COVID-related future anxiety (CRFA). Because of CRFA’s potentially debilitating effects, risk and resilience factors against this anxiety were investigated. To this end, n = 140 children (49% female) in 3rd and 4th grade classrooms in Germany were asked to perform a working memory task and to self-report about their CRFA and emotion regulation in December 2020 and in May 2021. More maladaptive emotion regulation in December 2020 contributed to the explanation of a high CRFA score in May 2021, whereas a better performance on working memory updating contributed a lower CRFA score later when controls were in place. These results were confirmed when children’s CRFA in December 2020 was included in the prediction of their later CRFA. They suggest that maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation, such as rumination, may explain higher or increasing levels of CRFA, whereas efficient working memory updating may be an indicator of processing information in a way which shields children from CRFA-related thoughts. The concepts underlying these variables should be included in prevention and intervention efforts.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Performance-oriented measurement of teachers’ competence in linguistically responsive teaching, relevant learning opportunities and beliefs
Lemmrich, Svenja; Ehmke, Timo
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1425

This study conducted a quantitative study analysis of teacher competence in linguistically responsive teaching (LRT). To assess performance-oriented competence, we used a test instrument with video vignettes and corresponding items based on situation-specific skills perception (What do you perceive?) and decision-making (How would you act if you were teacher in this situation?). Participants were required to respond orally. The research questions focused on LRT competence and the connection between (pre-service and in-service) teachers’ LRT competence and individual characteristics (subjects of study and LRT-relevant teaching experience), LRT-relevant learning opportunities, and beliefs about multilingualism in school and teaching. We found that experienced teachers and those who studied English as a foreign language had higher test scores, and participants with positive beliefs were more likely to perform better on the test. Positive beliefs appear to play a fundamental role in teachers’ identities as linguistically responsive professionals. Also, findings indicate a valid innovative performance-oriented LRT measurement. We suggest a learning environment should be implemented with opportunities to reflect on (pre-service) teachers’ beliefs and creating sufficient space for reflecting on experiences, as professionalization succeeds with self-reflection to raise awareness of blind spots. Future research should focus on the relation of teachers’ actual classroom performance and situation-specific skills. Furthermore, LRT-relevant learning opportunities should be evaluated in detail to learn more about teacher professionalization in this field.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Explaining primary school teachers’ intention to use digital learning platforms for students’ individualized practice: comparison of the standard UTAUT and an extended model
Kahnbach, Leonie; Hase, Alina; Kuhl, Poldi; Lehr, Dirk
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1424

Introduction: Though technologies for individualization appear to benefit primary school students’ learning, studies suggest that their integration remains sparse. Technology acceptance research has largely focused on exploring teachers’ general acceptance of educational technologies, although factors might predict usage intentions differently depending on the specific usage purpose of an educational technology. Digital learning platforms for individualized practice are comparably challenging and complex to use and so far, predictors of primary school teachers’ intention to integrate such technologies into lessons are largely unknown. Meanwhile, research on teachers’ technology acceptance generally lacks comparability due to the absence of a shared theoretical model and usage purpose specification. Methods: In a sample of 272 German primary school teachers, this study aims to identify predictors of teachers’ acceptance of digital learning platforms for students’ individualized practice in consideration of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). To ensure a shared understanding, teachers were provided with a video which specified the addressed usage purpose. Regarding teachers’ usage intention, the explanatory power of the standard UTAUT predictors was investigated and compared with an extended UTAUT model accounting for seven additional context-specific predictors. Results: The standard UTAUT significantly explained teachers’ usage intention, with performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and the availability of the necessary technical infrastructure showing significant associations with intention. However, neither a significant nor meaningful increase in explained variance was observed for the extended UTAUT model. Discussion: Results suggest that the standard UTAUT model is sufficient in explaining teachers’ usage intention and that its extension by context-specific predictors provides no added value. Acceptance facilitating interventions should therefore target performance and effort expectancy as well as the availability of technical infrastructure. Thus, underlining that successful implementation of complex educational technologies should consider both, individual and structural factors.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Effectiveness of an online recovery training for employees exposed to blurred boundaries between work and non-work: Bayesian analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Brückner, Hanna; Wallot, Sebastian; Horvath, Hanne; Ebert, David Daniel; Lehr, Dirk
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1423

Background Blurred work–non-work boundaries can have negative effects on mental health, including sleep. Objectives In a randomised control trial, we aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online recovery training programme designed to improve symptoms of insomnia in a working population exposed to blurred boundaries. Methods 128 participants with severe insomnia symptoms (Insomnia Severity Index ≥15) and working under blurred work and non-work conditions (segmentation supplies <2.25) were randomly assigned to either the recovery intervention or a waitlist control group (WLC). The primary outcome was insomnia severity, assessed at baseline, after 2 months (T2) and 6 months (T3). Findings A greater reduction in insomnia was observed in the intervention compared with the WLC group at both T2 (d=1.51; 95% CI=1.12 o 1.91) and T3 (d=1.63; 95% CI=1.23 to 2.03]. This was shown by Bayesian analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), whereby the ANCOVA model yielded the highest Bayes factor (BF 10=3.23×e60] and a 99.99% probability. Likewise, frequentist analysis revealed significantly reduced insomnia at both T2 and T3. Beneficial effects were found for secondary outcomes including depression, work-related rumination, and mental detachment from work. Study attrition was 16% at T2 and 44% at T3. Conclusions The recovery training was effective in reducing insomnia symptoms, work related and general indicators of mental health in employees exposed to blurred boundaries, both at T2 and T3. Clinical implications In addition to demonstrating the intervention’s effectiveness, this study exemplifies the utilisation of the Bayesian approach in a clinical context and shows its potential to empower recipients of interventional research by offering insights into result probabilities, enabling them to draw informed conclusions.

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Dissertation
Auswirkungen von aktiven und passiven Langzeitdehnungen auf die Kraft unterschiedlicher Muskelgruppen
Wohlann, Tim
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1406

Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation trägt zur Erforschung der Auswirkungen dehnungsbedingter Kraftsteigerungen am Menschen bei. Sie umfasst drei Studien, in denen kraftspezifische und morphologische Adaptationen, sowie biochemische Reaktionen und der Transfer auf unterschiedliche Muskelgruppen untersucht werden. In der ersten Studie wurde geprüft, ob ein tägliches fünfminütiges Dehnungstraining über sechs Wochen die Maximalkraft und Beweglichkeit der Beinstrecker steigern kann. Ergänzend wurde untersucht, ob das Dehnungstraining zu einer Zunahme der Muskeldicke, einer Reduktion der Kontraktionszeit, einer Verringerung der Muskelsteifigkeit und einer akuten Mikrotraumatisierung der Muskulatur führen kann. In der zweiten Studie wurde der Transfer dehnungsinduzierter Trainingseffekte auf die Muskulatur des Oberkörpers erforscht. Hierfür wurde ein achtwöchiges Dehnungstraining der Brustmuskulatur mit einem Krafttraining und einer Kontrollgruppe durchgeführt und hinsichtlich der Maximalkraft, der Muskeldicke und der Beweglichkeit untersucht. In der dritten Studie wurde ein selbstständig durchgeführtes Dehnungstraining als Home-Based Variante mit einem überwachten, passiv durchgeführten Dehnungstraining mit Adjustierung der Dehnungsspannung verglichen, um eine praktische Anwendbarkeit zu erforschen. Zusätzlich wurde das Kraftanstiegsverhalten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Langzeitdehnung über mehrere Wochen eine signifikante Steigerung der Maximalkraft, Muskeldicke und Beweglichkeit bewirken kann. Anpassungen der Muskelsteifigkeit, Kontraktionszeit und Mikrotraumatisierung wurden nicht festgestellt. Die Studien betonen die Bedeutung hoher konstanter Zugspannungen und hoher Dehnungsvolumina für Kraftanpassungen durch ein Dehnungstraining. Es gilt zu überprüfen, welchen Einfluss die Dehnungsintensität, die Dehnungszeit pro einzelner Sitzung und das Dehnungsvolumen insgesamt haben. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bieten Einblicke in die Rolle des Dehnungstrainings als trainingsunterstützende Maßnahme im Leistungs- und Breitensport sowie in der Rehabilitation.

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Bachelorarbeit
Political representation in autocratic regimes. How does Svietlana Tsikhanouskaya claim to be a representative of the Belarusian people's will towards the EU? Belarus case study.
Kharevich, Volha
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1385

The topic of this research paper is the political representation in autocratic regimes. For this, I ask the main research question: How does Svietlana Tsikhanouskaya claim to be a representative of the Belarusian people’s will towards the EU? I answer the research question through a case study of Belarus as an autocratic state. Through the theory of political representation - claim-making by Michael Saward and empirical data of Svietlana Tsikhanouskaya speeches, I argue that non-electoral representatives can construct the same level of political validity as conventionally elected officials through representative claims. In this, aesthetic and cultural representation plays a crucial role. This finding can help to examine political representation in autocratic regimes more easily in the future. At the same time, the finding questions the epistemological boundaries of political representation. Further theory-based research is needed to examine the boundaries of the epistemology of political representation. Claim-making as a non-electoral representation might not meet a traditional definition of political representation.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Dataset size versus homogeneity: A machine learning study on pooling intervention data in e-mental health dropout predictions
Zantvoort, Kirsten; Hentati Isacsson, Nils; Funk, Burkhardt; Kaldo, Viktor
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1422

Objective This study proposes a way of increasing dataset sizes for machine learning tasks in Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy through pooling interventions. To this end, it (1) examines similarities in user behavior and symptom data among online interventions for patients with depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder and (2) explores whether these similarities suffice to allow for pooling the data together, resulting in more training data when prediction intervention dropout. Methods A total of 6418 routine care patients from the Internet Psychiatry in Stockholm are analyzed using (1) clustering and (2) dropout prediction models. For the latter, prediction models trained on each individual intervention's data are compared to those trained on all three interventions pooled into one dataset. To investigate if results vary with dataset size, the prediction is repeated using small and medium dataset sizes. Results The clustering analysis identified three distinct groups that are almost equally spread across interventions and are instead characterized by different activity levels. In eight out of nine settings investigated, pooling the data improves prediction results compared to models trained on a single intervention dataset. It is further confirmed that models trained on small datasets are more likely to overestimate prediction results. Conclusion The study reveals similar patterns of patients with depression, social anxiety, and panic disorder regarding online activity and intervention dropout. As such, this work offers pooling different interventions’ data as a possible approach to counter the problem of small dataset sizes in psychological research.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Future ecosystem service provision under land-use change scenarios in southwestern Ethiopia
Duguma, Dula Wakassa; Brück, Maria; Shumi, Girma; Law, Elizabeth; Benra, Felipe; Schultner, Jannik; Nemomissa, Sileshi; Abson, David J.; Fischer, Joern
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1421

Continued pressure and transformation of land-use by humans are key drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem services (ES) loss. To determine the sustainability of possible future land-use practices, it is important to anticipate likely future changes to biodiversity and ES. This can help stakeholders and decision-makers to understand and assess the viability of current development policies and design alternative future pathways. Focusing on a biodiversity hotspot in southwestern Ethiopia, we considered four future land-use scenarios (namely: ‘Gain over grain’, ‘Coffee and conservation’, ‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’ scenarios) that were developed in an earlier project via participatory scenario planning. We modelled and mapped the spatial distribution of six ES (erosion control, carbon storage, coffee production, crop production, livestock feed, and woody-plant richness) for the current landscape and the four scenarios. Our results show that potential ES changes differed strongly across the scenarios. Changes were strongest for land-use scenarios involving large-scale agricultural intensification; and changes were not uniformly distributed across the landscape. Smallholder farmers specializing on cash crops (‘Gain over grain’ scenario) would likely cause little change to ES generation, but major losses in ES would result from expanding either food or coffee production (‘Mining green gold’ and ‘Food first’). Finally, the ‘Coffee and conservation’ scenario appears to be the most sustainable scenario because it would secure diverse ES for the long term. Our findings provide valuable input for decision-makers and stakeholders and could help to identify sustainable land-use options.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Daily breath-based mindfulness exercises in a randomized controlled trial improve primary school children’s performance in arithmetic
Voltmer, Katharina; Hondrich, Finja; von Salisch, Maria
2023|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1420

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to improve children’s academic achievements. Because MBIs include different exercises (possibly with differential effects), the teacher-led Breathing Break Intervention (BBI) was developed which focuses exclusively on breathing exercises and body awareness. The short daily breathing practices of BBI were evaluated in terms of their effects on children’s performance in mathematics. In a randomized controlled trial, N = 140 third and fourth graders (49% female) either received BBI (IG, n = 81) or participated in an active control group (ACG, n = 59). Students took a standardized arithmetic test and teachers rated their mathematics performance before (T1) and after (T2) the nine weeks of BBI, and in a follow-up five months later (T3). A mixed multilevel model with a quadratic term of time indicated a significant interaction effect between group and time on the arithmetic test after controlling for working memory updating and parental educational attainment. IG children did not show a steeper linear increase but differed significantly from ACG children in their trajectory of arithmetic performance. At T3, IG children outperformed ACG children. A multilevel ordinal logistic regression of teachers’ ratings of students’ mathematics performance revealed no significant differences between IG and ACG. Results suggest that daily breathing exercises in primary school classrooms contribute to enhancing children’s performance in arithmetic.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Effects of daily static stretch training over 6 weeks on maximal strength, muscle thickness, contraction properties, and flexibility
Wohlann, Tim; Warneke, Konstantin; Hillebrecht, Martin; Petersmann, Astrid; Ferrauti, Alexander; Schiemann, Stephan
2023|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1419

Purpose: Static stretch training (SST) with long stretching durations seems to be sufficient to increase flexibility, maximum strength (MSt) and muscle thickness (MTh). However, changes in contraction properties and effects on muscle damage remain unclear. Consequently, the objective of the study was to investigate the effects of a 6-week self-performed SST on MSt, MTh, contractile properties, flexibility, and acute response of creatine kinase (CK) 3 days after SST. Methods: Forty-four participants were divided into a control (CG, n = 22) and an intervention group (IG, n = 22), who performed a daily SST for 5 min for the lower limb muscle group. While isometric MSt was measured in leg press, MTh was examined via sonography and flexibility by functional tests. Muscle stiffness and contraction time were measured by tensiomyography on the rectus femoris. Additionally, capillary blood samples were taken in the pretest and in the first 3 days after starting SST to measure CK. Results: A significant increase was found for MSt (p < 0.001, η2 = 0.195) and flexibility in all functional tests (p < 0.001, η2 > 0.310). Scheffé post hoc test did not show significant differences between the rectus femoris muscle inter- and intragroup comparisons for MTh nor for muscle stiffness and contraction time (p > 0.05, η2 < 0.100). Moreover, CK was not significantly different between IG and CG with p > 0.05, η2 = 0.032. Discussion: In conclusion, the increase in MSt cannot be exclusively explained by muscular hypertrophy or the increased CK-related repair mechanism after acute stretching. Rather, neuronal adaptations have to be considered. Furthermore, daily 5-min SST over 6 weeks does not seem sufficient to change muscle stiffness or contraction time. Increases in flexibility tests could be attributed to a stretch-induced change in the muscle–tendon complex.

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Masterarbeit
Algorithmische Gouvernementalität. Eine Grounded Theory über die Regierung akademischer Schreibkultur mit Plagiatserkennungssoftware
Waschka, Maximilian Lukas
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1408

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht, wie akademische Schreibkultur mit dem Einsatz von PES regiert wird, wie über diese Regierung gedacht wird und wie sich diese Regierung auf die Schreibkultur auswirkt. Dafür werden 16 Interviews mit Expert*innen aus der Schreibdidaktik, mit Lehrenden und mit Studierenden auf Grundlage der Grounded Theory und der Rechtfertigungsanalyse untersucht. Die Ergebnisse werden mit einer Gouvernementalitätsanalyse der Regierung von Schreibkultur kontextualisiert. Die Analyse des Datenmaterials ergibt, dass PES-Einsatz größtenteils negative Auswirkungen auf akademische Schreibkultur hat, wenn die Lehre über wissenschaftliches Arbeiten nicht die notwendigen Kompetenzen vermitteln kann. Wenn die Lehre über wissenschaftliches Arbeiten dagegen die notwendigen Kompetenzen vermitteln kann, ist der Einsatz von PES nicht notwendig, weil Studierende nicht zum Plagiieren motiviert werden. Darüber hinaus sollte PES-Einsatz daran beurteilt werden, wie sehr die Gouvernementalität lernorientiert oder reputationsorientiert die Regierung von akademischer Schreibkultur mit PES bestimmt. Reputationsorientierte Rationalität priorisiert den Ruf der Wissenschaft, von Hochschulabschlüssen, Institutionen oder Individuen vor dem Lernen von Studierenden. Lernorientierte Rationalität kann demgegenüber sowohl die Reputation von Hochschulabschlüssen stärken als auch das Lernen von Studierenden priorisieren.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Maximal strength measurement: A critical evaluation of common methods - a narrative review
Warneke, Konstantin; Wagner, Carl-Maximilian; Keiner, Michael; Hillebrecht, Martin; Schiemann, Stephan; Behm, David George; Wallot, Sebastian; Wirth, Klaus
2023|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1418

Measuring maximal strength (MSt) is a very common performance diagnoses, especially in elite and competitive sports. The most popular procedure in test batteries is to test the one repetition maximum (1RM). Since testing maximum dynamic strength is very time consuming, it often suggested to use isometric testing conditions instead. This suggestion is based on the assumption that the high Pearson correlation coefficients of r ≥ 0.7 between isometric and dynamic conditions indicate that both tests would provide similar measures of MSt. However, calculating r provides information about the relationship between two parameters, but does not provide any statement about the agreement or concordance of two testing procedures. Hence, to assess replaceability, the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc) and the Bland-Altman analysis including the mean absolute error (MAE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) seem to be more appropriate. Therefore, an exemplary model based on r = 0.55 showed ρc = 0.53, A MAE of 413.58 N and a MAPE = 23.6% with a range of −1,000–800 N within 95% Confidence interval (95%CI), while r = 0.7 and 0.92 showed ρc = 0.68 with a MAE = 304.51N/MAPE = 17.4% with a range of −750 N–600 N within a 95% CI and ρc = 0.9 with a MAE = 139.99/MAPE = 7.1% with a range of −200–450 N within a 95% CI, respectively. This model illustrates the limited validity of correlation coefficients to evaluate the replaceability of two testing procedures. Interpretation and classification of ρc, MAE and MAPE seem to depend on expected changes of the measured parameter. A MAPE of about 17% between two testing procedures can be assumed to be intolerably high.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Institutional Proxy Representatives of Future Generations: A Comparative Analysis of Types and Design Features
Rose, Michael
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1417

Future generations will be strongly affected by political decisions made today (e.g., by the long-term consequences of climate change). According to the democratic all-affected principle, the interests of everyone affected by political decisions should be considered in the political decision-making process. Future generations cannot influence democratic decision-making, since they do not yet exist. Election-based democratic incentive systems are said to make it difficult to consider the needs of future generations today. Surprisingly, however, since the early 1990s, an increasing number of democracies have established what could be called institutional proxy representatives of future generations (proxies), i.e., public bodies with institutionalized access to government and/or parliament that introduce the construed interests of future generations into the political decision-making process. Proxies help to consider future generations’ interests alongside the interests of current constituencies. After concept building, this comparative study searches all liberal democracies and identifies 25 proxies, with heterogeneous institutional designs. By employing membership criteria, three types are distinguished: (a) expertise-driven independent guardians (type I), (b) political or administrative advisory and coordination bodies (type II), and (c) sustainability stakeholder councils or committees (type III). They vary considerably in their formal capacity to influence political decision-making (i.e., on what legal basis they were provided with what instruments to address which phases of the policy process and which branches of government). Overall, they should not be overburdened with expectations. While they are usually equipped with the tools to voice the (construed) interests of future generations, they often lack the capacity to act as watchdogs with teeth when ignored.

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Zeitschriftenartikel
Assessing authenticity in modelling test items: deriving a theoretical model
Schlüter, Dominik; Besser, Michael
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1416

Authenticity is considered a central feature in the context of teaching and learning mathematical modelling and is often demanded for both learning tasks and test items. Although large-scale studies hark back to this construct for years, it is largely unclear how a theoretical and empirically robust model for the description and practical operationalization of authenticity in modelling test items might look like. The article addresses this research desideratum and aims at deriving such a model based on existing theoretical concepts in mathematics education. The article provides a broad theoretical overview of the status quo of the construct and presents the “Model for Authenticity in Modelling Test Items” (MAMTI) as a result of those theoretical considerations. The model is based on the ideas of constructivist object authenticity and comprises a total of 8 aspects: real-world context, events, objects, question/assignment, data, figures, use of mathematics and purpose. The model enables further empirical studies to analyze and classify modelling test items or to vary them in terms of authenticity expression.

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Buch
Epistemic Injustice and Violence
2024|DOI: 10.48548/pubdata-1415

The practice of philosophy has led to both emancipation and exclusion in society. Questions around how philosophy should be practiced, who should engage in it, and with which issues philosophy should deal are subject to debate and controversy. This volume is dedicated to the special role of epistemic injustice and violence in philosophy. By shedding light on the inherent unjust structures of academic philosophy, the contributors to this volume help to better understand this powerful tool that impacts the academic landscape as well as individual and collective ways of being. From graphic novel to philosophical essay, they design a concept of transformative philosophy and offer various entry points to the conversation.

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