Title: Sandbox
Course: GG 22/23 Leuphana-Copy

Q: Many people in developing countries have difficulties accessing clean drinking water, whereas citizens in the U.S. and E.U. member states spend billions of dollars buying bottled water – although clean drinking water from the tap is available.

One way to evaluate the usefulness of a product is to compare its costs and benefits. In the case of water bottles, think of its production process: How much water is used on average to produce just one bottle in comparison to its water capacity?
- It takes twice the amount of water to produce the bottle compared to its capacity.
- The amount of water to produce the bottle equals the amount to fill it.
- It takes 4 times the amount of water to produce the bottle compared to its capacity.
- It takes 3 times the amount of water to produce the bottle compared to its capacity.
- There is no water needed in the production process of a plastic bottle.
A: It takes 3 times the amount of water to produce the bottle compared to its capacity.
Feedback: Did you know...?! Annually, 53 billion gallons of bottled water are consumed all around the world. To produce the bottle itself you will need three times the amount of water as you can eventually fill in. Additionally, around 17 million barrels of oil (that is, over 2 billion liters!) are used in the production process of water bottles annually – enough to fuel 100 million cars for a whole year! Because only 1 out of 5 water bottles is recycled, the remaining four bottles contribute to the huge amount of plastic waste. More surprisingly, an average bottle of water costs $10 per gallon compared to tap water, which costs only $.0015 per gallon. So, why pay when you can have the same product for a much lower price? [fa-leanpub] Learn more about this topic and visit the Facts About Bottled Water.

Q: Which one of these is the most sustainable light bulb?
- LED
- CFL
- Incandescent
- Halogen
A: LED

Q: Which of these are units of energy?
- Watt
- Kilowatt-hour
- Joule
- W-s
- Btu
- Calorie
- Kilowatt
A: Kilowatt-hour; Joule; W-s; Btu; Calorie

Q: Which of these are units of power?
- Watt
- Kilowatt-hour
- Joule
- W-s
- Btu
- Calorie
- Kilowatt
A: Watt; Kilowatt

Q: Why is there no such unit as a watt per second (W/s)?
- The Watt unit already includes the unit of time
- The Watt unit does not measure time
A: The Watt unit already includes the unit of time

Q: Fluorescent lights require about _________ power in watts as incandescent bulbs.
- the same
- 1/4 of the
- 1/10 of the
- 1/100 of the
A: 1/4 of the

Q: Why do light bulbs have a bulbous design?
- For cooling purposes
- To avoid the compression of heat and allow gas to spead over a large area
- For brightness purposes
A: To avoid the compression of heat and allow gas to spead over a large area

Q: Which technology was borrowed from Incandescent light bulbs and used in Light Emitting Diodes?
- Both models use the same gas
- Both models have a similar bulbous design
- Both models have the same type of filaments
A: Both models have a similar bulbous design

Q: How much will a 60W incandescent light bulb approximately last?
- 1000 to 2000 hours
- 5000 to 6000 hours
- 7000 to 8000 hours
A: 1000 to 2000 hours

Q: What is the estimated average lifespan of a CFL?
- 2000 to 4000 hours
- 8000 to 20,000 hours
- 35,000 to 50,000 hours
A: 8000 to 20,000 hours

Q: What is the estimated average lifespan of LED?
- 10,000 to 20,000 hours
- 35,000 to 50,000 hours
- 60,000 to 70,000 hours
A: 35,000 to 50,000 hours

Q: Match each word with the definition that fits it best.
- Corkskrew | A device for removing corks from bottles, that consists of a handle with a twisted metal rod to push into the cork and pull it out
- Rod | A long, thin pole made of wood or metal
- Newfangled | Recently made for the first time, but not always an improvement on what existed before
- Twisty | has many turns
- Emulsion | A mixture that results when one liquid is added to another and is mixed with it but does not dissolve into it
- Cork | A short, cylinder-shaped piece of plastic, or rubber that is put into the top of a bottle, especially a wine bottle, to close it
Feedback: Definitions are adapted from the Cambridge dictionary

Write three new sentences for each phrase in the list below:

- Point out to something
- Take some of the strain off
- Point out to something
- String things together
- Cram things together
Feedback: Compare your answers with those of another student. Do the sentences make sense?

Q: Watch "Patrick Lee Sullivan" again, if desired, and mark the statement below with True or False:

- The argon gas is the sole heat distributor inside the incandescent light bulb.
- True (It seems you missed it! Watch the video again:)
- False
A: False

Q: Mark the statement below with True or False:

- Light-Emitting Diodes have little fins at their bottom to shelter semiconductors.
- True
- False (It seems you missed it! Watch the video again:)
A: True

Q: Mark the statement below with True or False:

- The bulbous shape of the light bulb is requisite for a better heat and light distribution
- True
- False (It seems you missed it! Watch the video again:)
A: True

Q: Mark the statement below with True or False:

- One diode produces as much light as an incandescent light bulb.
- True (It seems you missed it! Watch the video again:)
- False
A: False

Q: The argon gas is the sole heat distributor inside the incandescent light bulb.
- True (You missed it! Try watching the video again.)
- False
A: False

Q: Light-Emitting Diodes have little fins at their bottom to shelter semiconductors.
- True
- False (You missed it! Watch the video again if you want.)
A: True

Q: The bulbous shape of the light bulb is requisite for a better heat and light distribution.
- True
- False (You missed it!)
A: True

Q: One diode produces as much light as an incandescent light bulb.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: Match each word with the dictionary definition that fits it best.

Definitions are taken from the Cambridge dictionary. Consulting any dictionary is not allowed.
- a tall metal structure to which wires carrying electricity are fixed so that they are safely held high above the ground. | Electricity pylon
- a mixture that results when one liquid is added to another and is mixed with it but does not dissolve into it | Emulsion
- has many turns | Twisty
- recently made for the first time, but not always an improvement on what existed before | Newfangled
- a long, thin pole made of wood or metal | Rod
- a system of wires through which electricity is connected to different power stations across a region | Electricity grid
- a machine that produces electrical power | Electricity generator
- the area surrounding an object with an electrical charge where positive and negative particles are reacting with each other | Electric field
- the ability of an object or material to store electricity | Capacitance
- an interruption in the supply of electricity | Power outage
- a device that gives light produced by an electric arc | Arc lamp

Write three sentences for each phrase in the list below:

1. Spread over something
2. Take some of the strain off
3. Point out to something
4. String things together
5. Cram things together

Compare your answers with those of another student and discuss the questions below:

1. Do the sentences make sense?
2. Do the sentences show the meaning of the words?

Q: match the idiom with the right meaning:
- Something is a "hot potato" | A difficult problem
- Something is a "hot potato" | A favourable opportunity
- Something is a "hot potato" | Unacceptable behavior

Q: Match the idiom "something is like a hot potato" with the appropriate meaning:
- A very complicated problem
- An untolerable behavior
- A favorable opportunity
A: A very complicated problem

Q: Match the idiom "Something is like a drop in the ocean" with the appropriate meaning:
- A small thing that makes part of a larger body
- Something small with minimal effect
- Something small, but vital and necessary
A: Something small with minimal effect

Q: Match the idiom "to get the ball rolling" with the appropriate meaning:
- To defer something
- To neglect something
- To start taking action on something
A: To start taking action on something

Q: Match the idiom "you reap what you sow" with the appropriate meaning:
- You assume the consequences of your actions
- You're awaiting an uncertain future
- You harvest other people's mistakes
A: You assume the consequences of your actions

Q: Match the idiom "chickens have come home to roost" with the appropriate meaning:
- You harvest the good results of your actions
- Your mistakes are backfiring on you
- You pushed lots of effort and it is time to rest
A: Your mistakes are backfiring on you

Q: Match the idiom "Do wonders for someone/ something" with the appropriate meaning:
- To push lots of effort on something/ someone
- To largely benefit from someone/ something
- To anticipate action for someone/ something
A: To largely benefit from someone/ something

Q: The idiom "to go back to nature" means adopting a naturalistic lifestyle.

Example: I would love to go back to nature and live like our ancestors, but I can hardly do it now because of life requirements.

It is your turn to use the idiom in a sentence:

Q: To "turn a blind eye to something" means ignoring something (usually bad) and not taking measures against it.

Example: The newly established company is leaking its oil in the river and polluting the air as well. Yet, the government is turning a blind eye to the environmental damage it is causing.

Now it is your turn to use the idiom in a sentence:

Q: The idiom "set alarm bells ringing" means warning someone on something.

Example: The natural catastrophes we are witnessing these days set alarm bells ringing about the dangers of climate change.

Now it is your turn to use the idiom in a sentence:
A: setting alarm bells ringing

Q: The idiom "the sands of time are running out" means that there is not enough time left to do something.

Example: The weather forecast service predicts a scorching weather starting from next week, but the sands of time are running out, and the government can do nothing to prevent it.

Now it is your turn to use the idiom in a sentence:

Q: Drag the marker and drop it on its appropriate location in the chart:
1. Based on the flow chart, use the available markers to group energy sources into three groups: fossil fuels, carbon free sources and renewables
2. What are the sectors displayed in the chart? Drop the marker sector on their appropriate location in the chart.
3. What is the fate or destiny of the energy produced?
4. Where is the total US energy consumption indicated in the chart?
- Zone 1 | Sector
- Zone 2 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 3 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 4 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 5 | Energy destiny
- Zone 6 | Energy destiny
- Zone 7 | Total Energy Used
- Zone 8 | Sector
- Zone 9 | Sector
- Zone 10 | Sector
- Zone 11 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 12 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 13 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 14 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 15 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 16 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 17 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 18 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 19 | Energy Source: Renewables

Q: The Energy Flow Chart indicates that part of the energy produced is converted into electricity before being used by the different sectors. Look at the Energy Flow Chart and find the answer to the following questions by dropping each marker in its appropriate area:

1. How much energy is used to generate electricity?
2. How much electricity is used by the Residential sector?
3. How much energy is rejected via the process of electricity generation?
4. What energy source is the highest provider of electricity in the US?
- Electricity Generation: 35.6 | Total energy used to generate electricity
- 4.99 | Electricity used by the residential sector
- 23.2 | Energy rejected via the process of electricity generation
- Natural Gas: 12.0 | Energy source providing highest amount of electricity

Q: Have a look at the graph "Characteristics of Energy Resources" (see page 2) and complete the following sentences by choosing the right option:
1. Non-renewable energy sources such as conventional oil and shale gas [...] and [...]
2. Over half of renewable energy sources are [...]
3. Fossil fuels display [...] carbon intensity lifecycle, with the [...] exception of coal.
4. Hydropower, biomass electricity, geothermal and liquid biofuels are [...]
5. Only industrial wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar energy are [...]
6. Renewable energies are predominantly [...], except for biomass electricity and liquid biofuels.
7. The bulk of non-renewables have [...] carbon intensity lifecycle, apart from biomass electricity and [...] who have medium carbon intensity lifecycle.
Also offered: are not storable; are unstorable; intermittent; more or less intermittent; intermittent; low; high; important; basic; intermittent; not intermittent; not easily storable; medium; high; concentrated solar; nuclear
A: are easily storable; not intermittent; not intermittent; medium; notable; not intermittent; intermittent; easily storable; low; liquid biofuels

Q: Over half of renewable energy sources are [...]
Also offered: not intermittent
A: intermittent

Q: They display [...] carbon intensity lifecycle, with the [...] exception of coal.
Also offered: high; important; notable; basic
A: low; medium

Q: Indeed, hydropower, biomass electricity, geothermal and liquid biofuels are [...]
Also offered: not intermittent
A: intermittent

Q: Only industrial wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar energy are [...].
Also offered: not intermittent
A: intermittent

Q: Renewable energies are predominantly [...], except for biomass electricity and liquid biofuels.
Also offered: not easily storable
A: easily storable

Q: The bulk of non-renewables have [...] carbon intensity lifecycle, apart from biomass electricity and [...] who have medium carbon intensity lifecycle.
Also offered: medium; liquid biofuels; concentrated solar; nuclear
A: low; high

Complete the paragraph with items from the list below :

Moreover; Furthermore; Conversely; Besides; Indeed; Whereas; Indeed

Non-renewable energy sources such as conventional oil and shale gas are easily storable and not intermittent. _______, fossil fuels display medium carbon intensity lifecycle, with the notable exception of coal. _______, renewable energies are predominantly easily storable, except for biomass electricity and liquid biofuels. _______, over half of renewable energy sources are not intermittent. _______, hydropower, biomass electricity, geothermal and liquid biofuels are not intermittent, _______ only industrial wind, solar photovoltaic and concentrated solar energy are intermittent. _______, the bulk of non-renewables have low carbon intensity lifecycle, apart from biomass electricity and liquid biofuels who have medium carbon intensity lifecycle.

Q: Complete the paragraph by selecting the right option:

The actual global economic system is heavily [...] on fossil fuels. [...], Green energy sources and sustainable technologies remain inadequate to power up the industries and services. This makes adopting a sustainable lifestyle overnight a seemingly [...] task. Indeed, transitioning to a sustainable mode is a complex process that not only takes time, but also happens [...] micro and macro levels. Individual action promoting sustainability eventually turn into collective social behavior that would [...] help policies, technological solutions and government practices [...] our systems to make them eco-friendly and sustainable. Transitioning to sustainable energy is [...] needed given the important role it plays in bolstering climate [...]. Furthermore, achieving energy transition will [...] new jobs, [...] economic growth and [...] social and health benefits. Enough theory! As a citizen, what concrete actions can I do to make the change and transition to a sustainable lifestyle?
Also offered: relying; In contrast; Yet; possible; initially; promptly; overhaul; reorganize; in; at; disproportionately; incidentally; change; hold down; safeguard; galvanize; provoke; escalate; intensify
A: reliant; Furthermore; impossible; on; ultimately; revamp; desperately; resilience; create; stimulate; improve

1.     Select one topic below and try using connectors in the handout to connect between the different points and elaborate on them if possible. Feel free to paraphrase when necessary and come up with your own ideas as well.

Benefits of energy transition is manifold.

1. General benefits:

- Energy independence and reduced energy imports
- Reduced vulnerability to volatile energy prices
- Improved energy efficiency
- Lower greenhouse gas emissions

2. Economic benefits:

- New business opportunities and local job creation
- Industrial revitalization: higher profitability by reducing industrial bills and energy costs
- Enhanced energy efficiency and improved competitiveness
- Additional source of income to people living in rural areas

3. Environmental benefits:

- Inexhaustible energy sources
- Clean energy generating minimal waste
- Help combat climate change
- Improve the air and water quality standards

2. Read your classmate's paragraph and correct language mistakes if found. Could you rephrase some of the sentences differently?

Q: Put yourself in the shoes of someone living sustainably and complete the paragraph by selecting the right option:

In our daily lives, we [...] make small actions that can have a huge [...] [...] the environment, society and our living standards as well. This is why I [...] to switching to alternative energy. I have actually started by using low-flow toilets and water-saving showerheads to [...] water. Besides, I usually [...]. I also [...]. In fact, I not only [...] buying goods from recycled materials, but I also [...] recycling and repurposing items. Moreover, I usually buy [...] friendly devices. Furthermore, I do [...] to get rid of vampire powerloads. Turning off devices is not enough; I unplug all appliances that leech energy when they are shut [...]. Without being noticed, vampire powerloads might cost around 20% of your [...] bill.
Also offered: should; would; bump; 'm still considering; do not want; dispose; run the washing machine; use a tumble dryer; dislike; disapprove of; environment; user; little; out; down; electrical; in; at
A: can; impact; on; am looking forward; displace; handwash clothes; hang my clothes out to dry in the sun; prefer; encourage; environmentally; my very best; off; utility

Q: [fa-group] Work in groups. Watch the following video and take notes on the key elements to achieve energy transition.

Compare and discuss the most important ways to achieve energy transition. Try to reach a consensus on the three most important steps that need to be taken in that regard. Are there solutions not mentioned in the video?
A: Interconnectivity/ Research & Development/Networking Platform
Feedback ("Interconnectivity/ Research & Development/Networking Platform"): Interconnecting power grids and energy systems to help secure reliable energy supply. Research & development to innovate and overcome technical challenges. Networking platform gathering various stakeholders in Europe to define needed technologies, market-based services and strategic planning.

Q: Select the right answer:

- Scorching weather
- Very hot
- Very cold
A: Very hot

Q: Select the right answer:

- Inclement weather
- Pleasant weather
- Unpleasant weather
A: Unpleasant weather

Q: Select the right answer:

- Foul weather
- Strange weather
- Agreeable weather
- Extremely unpleasant weather
A: Extremely unpleasant weather

Q: Select the right answer:

- Lousy weather
- Atrocious weather
- Pleasant weather
- Beautiful weather
A: Atrocious weather

Q: Select the right answer:

- Gloomy weather
- Bright, clear and sunny
- Grey, damp and cloudy
A: Grey, damp and cloudy

Q: Match the adjective with its proper synonyms:
- glorious weather | beautiful and lovely
- dismal weather | appalling and dreadful
- nasty weather | vile and wretched
- muggy weather | humid and sultry
- blustery weather | stormy and windy
- frosty weather | bitter freezing and wintry
- fickle weather | unsettled and changeable

Use each of the following adjectives in a sentence. The sentence should show the meaning of the adjective:

- unseasonable weather
- foggy weather
- clear weather
- rotten weather

Q: Match each phrase with its nearest-in-meaning counterpart:
- Crucial decision | Important and fateful
- Momentous decision | Key and landmark
- Tough decision | Difficult and hard-to-take
- Firm decision | Resolute and unyielding
- Snap decision | Prompt
- Knee-jerk decision | Hasty and rash
- Final decision | Irrevocable
- Informed decision | Rational and sensible
- Poor decision | Unwise, bad and wrong
- Unanimous decision | Collective and joint

Write one sentence for each of the following phrases. The sentence should show the meaning of the adjective:

- Knee-jerk decision
- Landmark decision
- Snap decision
- Informed decision

Q: What is "emergency lighting"?
- lighting of an ambulance or police car
- stored lighting used in case of power outage
A: stored lighting used in case of power outage

Q: When was the Convention on the Rights of the child, which guaranteed the rights of youth to participate in social and political action, written?
- 1897
- 1904
- 1972
- 1989
A: 1989

Q: Find the right answer based on the logic of the sentence:

"If no measures are taken, the older generation could soon be heavily [...] at the political level, with the younger generation having relatively little to say."
Also offered: underrepresented
A: overrepresented

Q: "In that respect, Austria is definitely a pioneer in the EU and an interesting case study to examine."

Briefly explain the meaning of the word "pioneer" in this sentence
Feedback (any other answer): leader or groundbreaker

Q: "More than 10 years after the change it is time to take stock."

What does the phrase "to take stock" mean in this sentence?
- To learn more about something before taking action
- To reflect and assess something before taking action
- To write a report on something before taking action
A: To reflect and assess something before taking action

Q: "Drawing on Austria’s empirical experience, lowering the voting age could also be an option for other EU member states."

To draw on Austria's empirical experience means to use the data that was collected based in the situation in Austria as  a resource or information to act on.

Use the phrase "to draw on something" in a meaningful sentence.

Q: At the 2008 general election –the first at the national level [...] which 16-year olds were allowed to vote– the reported turnout of first-time voters was 88%.
Also offered: in; on; out of; for; along
A: at

Q: "At the 2008 general election –the first at the national level at which 16-year olds were allowed to vote– the reported turnout of first-time voters was 88%. This corresponds to the average voter turnout and indicates a positive starting effect.

At the next general election in 2013 though, the Austrian National Election Study (AUTNES) confirmed that first-time voters went to the polls far less than older voters. The reported turnout of the 16-to-17-year olds was 63%, which is significantly lower than the reported general turnout of 80%. Furthermore, the political interest of first-time voters was also significantly lower than that of older voting groups. Compared to the general election in 2008, the second general election in Austria yielded less euphoric results as regards first-time and younger voters. Both their political interest and their voter participation had declined."

"At the next general election in 2013 though, the Austrian National Election Study (AUTNES) confirmed that first-time voters went to the polls far less than older voters."

In this sentence, "older voters" refers to:
- voters who are older in age
- first-time voters of the 2008 general elections
A: first-time voters of the 2008 general elections

Q: Select the most accurate term:

"Up to 67% of respondents are of the opinion that Austria’s membership is good whereas 7% consider it bad and 26% neither good nor bad."

Those who think that Austria's membership is neither good nor bad could best be described as:
- unresponsive
- indifferent
- careless
- unconcerned
A: indifferent

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"75% of respondents under the age of 15 sympathise with EU membership, with only 5% regarding it as something bad. Among those aged 16 to 18, 66% sympathise with EU membership, while only 7% have a negative attitude. Among young people over the age of 19, 57% sympathise with Austria’s EU membership, while 10% see it as something negative."
Feedback (any other answer): The younger the respondents, the more EU-friendly their attitude.

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"Up to 89% of respondents under the age of 15 view themselves as EU citizens. Among the 16-to-18 age group, 82% do so. In the group of those aged 19+, only 76% of respondents perceive themselves to be citizens of the EU."
Feedback (any other answer): The younger the respondent, the stronger the identification with Europe.

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"A total of 80% [of young respondents] indicate they are interested in political events taking place in Austria. By comparison, only 57% of respondents are interested in European politics."
Feedback (any other answer): Despite their pro-European attitude, youngsters are more interested in national politics than in developments at the European level.

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement ? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"64% of those aged under 15 support common European decisions. Among the 16-to-18-year olds, 59% do so. The support for common European decisions drops to 52% among age groups above 19 years of age."
Feedback (any other answer): The strongest supporters of common European decisions are again in the group of the youngest respondents.

Q: "Respectively 52% and 55% of the ‘young millennials’ are of the opinion that the EU and the euro are good. In the group of the ‘old millennials’, only 43% and 46% respectively regard the EU and the euro positive. The ‘old millennials’ are even more sceptical than the older generation, of which at least 46% and 49% respectively consider the EU and the euro positive."

Mark the following statement with True or False:

55% of "young millennials" are of the opinion that the EU is good.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: "Respectively 52% and 55% of the ‘young millennials’ are of the opinion that the EU and the euro are good. In the group of the ‘old millennials’, only 43% and 46% respectively regard the EU and the euro positive. The ‘old millennials’ are even more sceptical than the older generation, of which at least 46% and 49% respectively consider the EU and the euro positive."

Mark the following statement with True or False:

46% of "old millennials" regard the EU positively.
- True
- False
A: False

Q: "Respectively 52% and 55% of the ‘young millennials’ are of the opinion that the EU and the euro are good. In the group of the ‘old millennials’, only 43% and 46% respectively regard the EU and the euro positive. The ‘old millennials’ are even more sceptical than the older generation, of which at least 46% and 49% respectively consider the EU and the euro positive."

Mark the following statement with True or False:

49% of the older generation of "old millennials" consider the euro positive.
- True
- False
A: True

Q: Drag the marker and drop it on its appropriate location in the chart:

1. Based on the flow chart, use the available markers to group energy sources into three groups: fossil fuels, carbon free sources and renewables
2. What are the sectors displayed in the chart? Drop the marker sector on their appropriate location in the chart.
3. What is the fate or destiny of the energy produced?
4. Where is the total US energy consumption indicated in the chart?
- Zone 1 | Sector
- Zone 2 | Sector
- Zone 3 | Sector
- Zone 4 | Sector
- Zone 5 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 6 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 7 | Energy Source: Fossil Fuels
- Zone 8 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 9 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 10 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 11 | Energy Source: Carbon Free
- Zone 12 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 13 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 14 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 15 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 16 | Energy Source: Renewables
- Zone 17 | Energy destiny
- Zone 18 | Energy destiny
- Zone 19 | Total Energy Used

Q: According to the Convention on the Rights of the Child, a child is any person under the age of:
- 10
- 15
- 18
A: 18

Q: “Children have the right to their own identity – an official record of who they are which includes their name, nationality and family relations. No one should take this away from them, but if this happens...” (Convention on the Rights of the Child)
- governments must create a new identity for them
- governments must help them quickly regain their identity
- governments must detain them until their identity is found or a new identity is created
A: governments must help them quickly regain their identity

Q: “Children should not be separated from their parents unless…”
- They decide to do so
- Parents are not properly taking care of their children
- They break the law
- Their parents are in constant disagreement
A: Parents are not properly taking care of their children

Q: “Children have the right to share freely with others what they learn, think and feel, by talking, drawing, writing or in any other way unless…”
- it threatens others
- it poses a danger
- it harms others
A: it harms others

Q: Calorific value is defined as "the amount of energy released when a known volume of gas is completely combusted under specified conditions" (From: National Grid, 2022)

In other words, the calorific value of hydrogen is the amount of total heat energy produced by the combustion of one mass unit of hydrogen.

If one kilogram of Hydrogen is combusted completely, it produces 150,000 kilojoules of heat energy. The calorific value of hydrogen is expressed as 150,000 kJ/ kg

If the calorific value of hydrogen is equal to or greater than 150 kJ/g and the calorific value of coal is equal to or greater than 24 kJ/g

Which energy source produces more heat energy?
- Hydrogen
- Coal
A: Hydrogen

Q: Assuming that a light bulb consumes 500 Joules of electrical energy every second and emits 45 Joules of light energy every second.

What is the energy efficiency of this light bulb?
A: 9%
Feedback (any other answer): Energy efficiency = (Output energy/ Input Energy) x 100 Energy Efficiency of the light bulb = (45/500) x 100 = 9% The result is expressed in percentage. If the Energy Efficieny is 9%, this means that out of total input electrical energy, only 9% is converted to output light energy.

Q: A certain solar panel converts 800 J of solar energy into 670 J of electrical energy every second.

How much energy is wasted every second?
A: 130J
Feedback ("130J"): Wasted energy (or rejected energy) = input energy - output energy In this case, the solar panel wastes 130J every second
Feedback (any other answer): Wasted energy (or rejected energy) = input energy - output energy In this case, the solar panel wastes 130J every second

Q: A certain solar panel converts 800 J of solar energy into 670 J of electrical energy every second.

What is the energy efficiency of this solar panel?
A: 83.75% / 84% / 83,75%
Feedback ("83.75%"): Energy Efficiency = (Output energy/ Input energy) * 100 In this case, the solar panel is ca. 84% energy efficient, meaning that out of total solar energy absorbed, 84% is converted into electrical energy.
Feedback (any other answer): Energy Efficiency = (Output energy/ Input energy) * 100 In this case, the solar panel is ca. 84% energy efficient, meaning that out of total solar energy absorbed, 84% is converted into electrical energy.
Feedback ("84%"): Energy Efficiency = (Output energy/ Input energy) * 100 In this case, the solar panel is ca. 84% energy efficient, meaning that out of total solar energy absorbed, 84% is converted into electrical energy.

Q: A wind turbine transforms 2,700,000 J of mechanical energy to 1,500,000 J of electrical energy every second.

How much mechanical energy is wasted every second?
A: 1,200,000 J
Feedback ("1,200,000 J"): Wasted energy (or rejected energy) = input energy - output energy In this case, the wind turbine wastes 1,200,000 J of mechanical energy every second.
Feedback (any other answer): Wasted energy (or rejected energy) = input energy - output energy In this case, the wind turbine wastes 1,200,000 J of mechanical energy every second.

Q: A wind turbine transforms 2,700,000 J of mechanical energy to 1,500,000 J of electrical energy every second.

What is the energy efficiency of the wind turbine?
A: 55,55%
Feedback ("55,55%"): Energy Efficiency = (Output Energy/ Input Energy) x 100 In this case, the wind turbine 56% energy efficient, meaning that 56% of total mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.
Feedback ("55.55%"): Energy Efficiency = (Output Energy/ Input Energy) x 100 In this case, the wind turbine 56% energy efficient, meaning that 56% of total mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.
Feedback ("56%"): Energy Efficiency = (Output Energy/ Input Energy) x 100 In this case, the wind turbine 56% energy efficient, meaning that 56% of total mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.

Q: A fan used for cooling temperature has an efficiency rating of 20%. It follows that for every 1 Joule of electrical energy consumed by the fan, _________ wind energy is produced.

How much wind energy is produced?
A: 0.20 J / 0.20J / 0,20 J / 0,20J
Feedback ("0.20 J"): 20% energy efficiency means that 20% of total energy is converted to wind and 80% is rejected energy. It follows that if the fan consumes one Joule of energy, the 20% of that Joule is converted to wind. Therefore, with an efficiency rating of 20%, the fan produces: 1 x 0.20 = 0.20J
Feedback (any other answer): 20% energy efficiency means that 20% of total energy is converted to wind and 80% is rejected energy. It follows that if the fan consumes one Joule of energy, the 20% of that Joule is converted to wind. Therefore, with an efficiency rating of 20%, the fan produces: 1 x 0.20 = 0.20J
Feedback ("0.20J"): 20% energy efficiency means that 20% of total energy is converted to wind and 80% is rejected energy. It follows that if the fan consumes one Joule of energy, the 20% of that Joule is converted to wind. Therefore, with an efficiency rating of 20%, the fan produces: 1 x 0.20 = 0.20J
Feedback ("0,20 J"): 20% energy efficiency means that 20% of total energy is converted to wind and 80% is rejected energy. It follows that if the fan consumes one Joule of energy, the 20% of that Joule is converted to wind. Therefore, with an efficiency rating of 20%, the fan produces: 1 x 0.20 = 0.20J
Feedback ("0,20J"): 20% energy efficiency means that 20% of total energy is converted to wind and 80% is rejected energy. It follows that if the fan consumes one Joule of energy, the 20% of that Joule is converted to wind. Therefore, with an efficiency rating of 20%, the fan produces: 1 x 0.20 = 0.20J

Q: One household is considering changing its 76%-efficient natural gas furnace with a 91%-efficient one.

Knowing that the household uses 756 therms of gas annually for its heating purposes and that one therm of gas costs $0.25, what would be the annual savings of the household?

Note: A therm (symbol, thm) is a unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU)
A: $28.25 / 28.25$
Feedback ("$28.25"): (Step 1) How many therms of heat produced by the 76%-efficient natural gas furnace? Given that the natural gas furnace is 76% efficient, then out of the total natural gas consumed, only 76% will be turned into heat energy. Therefore, the amount of heat produced by the current 76%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 575 therms. (756 x 0.76 = 574.56 thm.) (Step 2) How many therms of heat produced by the 91%-efficient natural gas furnace? 756 x 0.91 = 687.96 thm. The amount of heat produced by the current 91%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 688 therms. (Step 3) How much money would the household save by replacing their natural gas furnace with a 91%-efficient one? Knowing that the household always use 756 therms of gas, then by replacing the old natural gas furnace with a 91% efficient one, the household will benefit of an additional 113 therms of heat (the difference of heat produced by both furnaces: 688-575 = 113 thm) If one therm of gas costs $0.25, then the family will have saved $28.25 each year (113 x 0.25 = $28.25) Put differently, the bill will be $189 (756 x 0.25 = $189). However, with the old furnace, the household pays $189 and benefits of 575 thm of heat, whereas with the new natural gas furnace, the household pays the same amount of money ($189), but benefits of 688 thm of heat.
Feedback (any other answer): (Step 1) How many therms of heat produced by the 76%-efficient natural gas furnace? Given that the natural gas furnace is 76% efficient, then out of the total natural gas consumed, only 76% will be turned into heat energy. Therefore, the amount of heat produced by the current 76%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 575 therms. (756 x 0.76 = 574.56 thm.) (Step 2) How many therms of heat produced by the 91%-efficient natural gas furnace? 756 x 0.91 = 687.96 thm. The amount of heat produced by the current 91%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 688 therms. (Step 3) How much money would the household save by replacing their natural gas furnace with a 91%-efficient one? Knowing that the household always use 756 therms of gas, then by replacing the old natural gas furnace with a 91% efficient one, the household will benefit of an additional 113 therms of heat (the difference of heat produced by both furnaces: 688-575 = 113 thm) If one therm of gas costs $0.25, then the family will have saved $28.25 each year (113 x 0.25 = $28.25) Put differently, the bill will be $189 (756 x 0.25 = $189). However, with the old furnace, the household pays $189 and benefits of 575 thm of heat, whereas with the new natural gas furnace, the household pays the same amount of money ($189), but benefits of 688 thm of heat.
Feedback ("28.25$"): (Step 1) How many therms of heat produced by the 76%-efficient natural gas furnace? Given that the natural gas furnace is 76% efficient, then out of the total natural gas consumed, only 76% will be turned into heat energy. Therefore, the amount of heat produced by the current 76%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 575 therms. (756 x 0.76 = 574.56 thm.) (Step 2) How many therms of heat produced by the 91%-efficient natural gas furnace? 756 x 0.91 = 687.96 thm. The amount of heat produced by the current 91%-efficient natural gas furnace equals ca. 688 therms. (Step 3) How much money would the household save by replacing their natural gas furnace with a 91%-efficient one? Knowing that the household always use 756 therms of gas, then by replacing the old natural gas furnace with a 91% efficient one, the household will benefit of an additional 113 therms of heat (the difference of heat produced by both furnaces: 688-575 = 113 thm) If one therm of gas costs $0.25, then the family will have saved $28.25 each year (113 x 0.25 = $28.25) Put differently, the bill will be $189 (756 x 0.25 = $189). However, with the old furnace, the household pays $189 and benefits of 575 thm of heat, whereas with the new natural gas furnace, the household pays the same amount of money ($189), but benefits of 688 thm of heat.
  Hint: You should first calculate how many therms of heat produced by the 76% efficient natural gas furnace and how many therms of heat produced by the 91% natural gas furnace.
  Hint: You should calculate the difference between the amount of therms produced by the 76% efficient natural gas furnace and the amount of therms produced by the 91% efficient natural gas furnace.
  Hint: Multiply the difference by the cost of one therm to get the amount of annual savings.

Q: Knowing that 1W is equal to 1 Joule per second, how much heat energy would a 200W electric heater produce in 10 minutes?
A: 120,000 J / 120.000J / 120,000J / 120.000 J
Feedback ("120,000 J"): 200 W is 200 joules per second. We need to convert time to seconds because 1 W is equal to 1 Joule per second. 10 minutes are equal to 600 s Thus, the total heat released is 200 J/s x 600 s = 120,000 J

Q: A device is energy-efficient if it delivers a higher useful output using less energy.

Device A: consumes 700 J of energy and produces 300 J of heat.

Device B: consumes 900 J of energy and produces 600 J of heat.

Which device is more energy efficient?
A: Device B / B
Feedback ("Device B"): Device A uses less energy than Device B. However, Device B is considered more energy-efficient because it produces a higher output of energy. You can calculate and compare the energy efficiency of both devices. The energy efficiency of Device A = (300/700)*100 = 43,85% approx. 44% The energy efficiency of Device B = (600/900)*100 = 66,66% approx. 67%
Feedback (any other answer): Device A uses less energy than Device B. However, Device B is considered more energy-efficient because it produces a higher output of energy. You can calculate and compare the energy efficiency of both devices. The energy efficiency of Device A = (300/700)*100 = 43,85% approx. 44% The energy efficiency of Device B = (600/900)*100 = 66,66% approx. 67%
Feedback ("B"): Device A uses less energy than Device B. However, Device B is considered more energy-efficient because it produces a higher output of energy. You can calculate and compare the energy efficiency of both devices. The energy efficiency of Device A = (300/700)*100 = 43,85% approx. 44% The energy efficiency of Device B = (600/900)*100 = 66,66% approx. 67%

Q: According to the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Environmental Justice comprises the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of
- Race, color, national origin and income
- Age, sex, social norms and marital status
- Socio-economic status, political affiliation and sexual orientation
A: Race, color, national origin and income

Q: When did the Environmental Justice movement begin?
- 1962
- 1945
- 1993
- 1982
A: 1982

Q: How much more pollution exposure do affected minorities experience in the US?
- 32%
- 56%
- 66%
- 78%
A: 66%

Q: What did spark the Environmental Justice movement?
- PCB Warren County protest
- The Greensboro sit-in
- Camp for Climate Action
- March for Life
- Climate Rush
A: PCB Warren County protest

Q: Complete the sentence with the appropriate answer:

Jack pondered over the question deeply and carefully with himself. He read several books and watched many documentaries on solar panels. He also consulted his lawyer and family members before installing solar panels on his roof. Jack took …
- A firm decision
- A unanimous decision
- An informed decision
A: An informed decision

Q: Complete the sentence with the appropriate answer:

Emily was hesitating whether she should buy a cheap but 70% energy-efficient electric heater or an expensive 90% energy-efficient electric heater. She ultimately set her mind on buying the expensive electric heater. Emily took a …
- Poor decision
- Final decision
- Crucial decision
A: Final decision

Q: Complete the sentence with the appropriate answer:

Some people blame Peter for being intransigent. Without ever meeting him, I thought he must be a stubborn person. However, a small talk was enough for me to discover that I was very wrong about him. I took a …
- Knee-jerk decision
- Snap decision
- Tough decision
A: Knee-jerk decision

Q: Is the following sentence in the active or passive voice?

"As a first step, the YLC Committee of the Mayor’s Youth Council reviews the guidelines for YLC that were put in place the year before and decide what the process should be for the next cycle."
- Passive voice
- Active voice
A: Active voice

Q: Is the following sentence in the active or passive voice?

"The YLC guidelines were established last year."
- Passive voice
- Active voice
A: Passive voice

Q: Write the following sentence in the active voice:

"In the second step, youth across the City are invited to submit ideas for projects to improve their community."
Feedback (any other answer): In the second step, YLC committee members invite youth across the city to submit their ideas to improve their community.

Q: Match each sentence with its proper voice:
- YLC Committee members alongside city departments develop ideas into project proposals. | Active voice
- The developed proposals are turned into a ballot for youth to vote on. | Passive voice
- Youth ideas are developed into project proposals. | Passive voice
- Youth vote on their ideas in a ballot. | Active voice

Paraphrase the following sentences:

"The three projects with the most votes are chosen to be implemented the next year. Once the three winning projects have been identified, youth, City departments and stakeholders work together to develop and implement them."

Discuss:

YLC Boston's motto is "Youth Power + Youth Voice + Youth Vote = Community Change"

The motto seems to indicate that Youth's power, voice and vote are the main drivers of community change. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Hint: Is community change solely dependent on Youth?

Q: [Image]

"The population pyramid of the world illustrates the age and sex structure of population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development.. The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. The male and female populations are broken down into 5-year age groups represented as horizontal bars along the vertical axis, with the youngest age groups at the bottom and the oldest at the top. The shape of the population pyramid gradually evolves over time based on fertility and mortality."

Source: CIA World Factbook 2019

According to the World Population Pyramid, almost half of the world’s population is under the age of
- 20-24
- 25-29
- 35-39
A: 35-39

Q: [Image]

Source: Deutsche Welle, Germany's new Bundestag: Who is who in parliament?

According to the 2011 census-based bar chart, which age group is most represented in the Bundestag?
- 18-29 years
- 30-44 years
- 45-59 years
- + 60 years
A: 45-59 years

Q: According to the population pyramid of Germany in 2019, what age group represents the highest percentage of the population?
Feedback (any other answer): Age group: 50-59 years

According to Melani, what "steps" are necessary to become an activist? Which one is the most important in your opinion?

Q: Have you ever participated or organized any workshop or youth activities in Germany or abroad?

Drag and drop your participation on the map!
- Zone 1 | Social
- Zone 2 | Political
- Zone 3 | Economic
- Zone 4 | Cultural
- Zone 5 | Environmental
- Zone 6 | Sports and Entertainment

Have you ever participated or organized any workshop or youth activity in Germany or abroad?

Drag and drop your participation on the map!
Also offered: Social; Political; Economic; Environmental; Cultural; Sports and Entertainment

According to the previous activity, ("Map your participation!"), in which country or region were you active most? Would you like to participate and engage somewhere else in Europe or beyond? If you have the opportunity to engage somewhere else in Europe, where would you like to go and based on what will take your decision? Reflect on the idea of global citizenship and express your opinion in a paragraph.

In your opinion, do you need skills to participate and engage in society?

Would you take action individually or collectively to convince local authorities to adopt "Youth Lead the Change" initiative? Which one do you prefer and why?

Did you write your local authorities about "Youth Lead the Change"? What was their answer? Was it different from what you expected? Write about your actions and experience as a young change-maker.

Q: Watch the video and answer the questions below

INSERT VIDEO: INTERVIEW WITH MARTIN AUER

Organize the process flow of the initiative:
- Call for ideas on social media | step 1
- Youth submit ideas on the YLC platform | step 2
- City council formulates ideas into proposals | step 3
- Youth vote on the proposals | step 4
- Part of municipal funds are used to implement winning projects | step 5

Q: "75% of respondents under the age of 15 sympathise with EU membership, with only 5% regarding it as something bad. Among those aged 16 to 18, 66% sympathise with EU membership, while only 7% have a negative attitude. Among young people over the age of 19, 57% sympathise with Austria’s EU membership, while 10% see it as something negative."
- Die Mehrheit der jungen Menschen über 19 sympathisiert mit der EU-Mitgliedschaft. | richtig
- Bei den unter 15-jährigen gibt die wenigsten aus allen Altersgruppen, die die EU-Mitgliedschaft schlecht finden. | richtig
- Je älter die Jugendlichen werden desto besser finden Sie die EU-Mitgliedschaft. | falsch
Also offered: falsch

Q: "Up to 89% of respondents under the age of 15 view themselves as EU citizens. Among the 16-to-18 age group, 82% do so. In the group of those aged 19+, only 76% of respondents perceive themselves to be citizens of the EU."

Im Vergleich zu den älteren Personen in der Umfrage sehen sich die [...] der unter 15-jährigen als EU-Bürger.

Je älter die jungen Menschen werden desto [...] geben an dass sie sich als EU-Bürger sehen.

Bei den 16-18 jährigen wird die Zahl derer, die sich als EU-Bürger sehen [...] im Vergleich mit den jüngeren.
Also offered: größer
A: meisten; weniger; kleiner

How do young people view climate change crisis?

What are the enabling conditions for young people to become active change-makers?

Activity --> What comes before participation? Young people need to be equipped with knowledge, values, skills and attitudes to be resilient?  Education for Sustainability aims to equip learners with knowledge, values, skills and attitudes.

average age of german parliament representatives (are german youth reaching out to the parliament?) students search for how many MPs in Germany are less than 30?

What are the climate challenges mentioned in the video?

What action are these young people taking to promote environmental sustainability? Which action do you find most interesting and/or most inspiring, and why?

What environmental problem would you prioritize solving and what action(s) would you take to promote environmental sustainability?

Read the paragraph and answer the question below:

Broad Participation - Political party work is the classic way to become involved, but lots of young people exploit opportunities to participate in local citizens’ groups.

[...] Young people often find being involved in local citizens’ groups and non-government organisations more appealing. Social media are also becoming increasingly important as platforms for a specific type of political articulation and action. Citizens also participate directly in political issues through democratic procedures such as referendums. Over the past few years, there have been more opportunities for direct democracy at both federal state and municipal level, and citizens have made great use of these.

Source: https://www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de/en/politics-germany/broad-participation

In your opinion, why do youth prefer to engage in local citizens' groups and organizations rather than political parties and does this choice impact voter turnout?

Q: According to the population pyramid of Germany in 2019, what age group represents the highest percentage of the population?
- Age group: 30-39 years
- Age group: 50-59 years
- Age group: 60-69 years
A: Age group: 50-59 years

Q: [Image]

Source: Deutsche Welle, Germany's new Bundestag: Who is who in parliament?

According to the 2011 census-based bar chart, which age group participates most in German politics?

Hint: Calculate representation as a ratio to age group percentages.
- Answer 1
- Answer 2
- Answer 3
A: Answer 2

In your opinion, why is it important to be active, take action and mobilize in society?

How do you find the idea of YouthTopia? What problems does the initiative try to solve? Finally, if you were to join YOUTHTOPIA VOICES as a speaker, what would be your main topics?

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"75% of respondents under the age of 15 sympathise with EU membership, with only 5% regarding it as something bad. Among those aged 16 to 18, 66% sympathise with EU membership, while only 7% have a negative attitude. Among young people over the age of 19, 57% sympathise with Austria’s EU membership, while 10% see it as something negative."
- The younger the respondents, the more EU-friendly their attitude
- The older the respondents, the more EU-friendly their attitude
- The younger the respondents, the less EU-friendly their attitude
A: The younger the respondents, the more EU-friendly their attitude

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"Up to 89% of respondents under the age of 15 view themselves as EU citizens. Among the 16-to-18 age group, 82% do so. In the group of those aged 19+, only 76% of respondents perceive themselves to be citizens of the EU."
- The older the respondent, the stronger the identification with Europe
- The younger the respondent, the stronger the identification with Europe
- The younger the respondent, the weaker the identification with Europe
A: The younger the respondent, the stronger the identification with Europe

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"A total of 80% [of young respondents] indicate they are interested in political events taking place in Austria. By comparison, only 57% of respondents are interested in European politics."
- Despite their pro-European attitude, youngsters are more interested in national politics than in developments at the European level
- Despite their pro-European attitude, youngsters are less interested in national politics than in developments at the European level
- Despite their pro-European attitude, youngsters are more interested in European politics than in developments at the local level
A: Despite their pro-European attitude, youngsters are more interested in national politics than in developments at the European level

Q: What conclusion could you draw from the following statement ? You can illustrate the data in a bar chart in order to have a clearer picture.

"64% of those aged under 15 support common European decisions. Among the 16-to-18-year olds, 59% do so. The support for common European decisions drops to 52% among age groups above 19 years of age."
- The strongest supporters of common European decisions are again in the group of the oldest respondents
- The weakest supporters of common European decisions are again in the group of the youngest respondents
- The strongest supporters of common European decisions are in the group of the youngest respondents
A: The strongest supporters of common European decisions are in the group of the youngest respondents

In your opinion, what comes before participation? What are the enabling conditions for young people to become active participants and change-makers in society?

Q: How important is the topic of sustainability and climate change to you?
- Not important at all
- Slightly important
- Relatively important
- Neutral
- Somewhat important
- Very important
- Extremely important
A: Not important at all / Slightly important / Relatively important / Neutral / Somewhat important / Very important / Extremely important

Q: Have you heard of “Fridays for Future” (#fridaysforfuture) before?
- Yes
- No
A: Yes / No

Q: Have you ever tried to search for organizations promoting sustainability and learn more about their activities?
- Yes
- No
A: Yes / No

Q: Have you ever tried to reach out to and/or join organizations promoting sustainability?
- Yes
- No
A: Yes / No

Q: Did you participate in events arranged by organizations promoting sustainability and advocating climate change issues?
- Never
- Seldom
- Sometimes
- Often
- Always
A: Never / Seldom / Sometimes / Often / Always

Q: Who do you think can make the most important contributions to achieve environmental and climate protection? Multiple answers are allowed.
- Individuals
- Industries
- Communities
- Government
- City councils
- Media
- Schools and universities
- Non-governmental organizations
- Scientists and researchers
- Businessmen and investors
A: Individuals; Industries; Communities; Government; City councils; Media; Schools and universities; Non-governmental organizations; Scientists and researchers; Businessmen and investors

1. Watch the video below and answer the following question:

1. Research the participation opportunities available in your city and/or community and list them below. For example, you can search for NGOs nearby or write a letter to your city council and ask about the existing possibilities for youth to participate.

Have a look at the following website and answer the question below:

The UN Campaign for Individual Action: Towards a net-zero future

1. Have you considered taking action individually before? If yes, what was your initiative about? Does it relate in any way or another to the UN's "ten impactful actions"? If not, do you consider collective action more efficient than individual action?

Q: [Image]

What type of diagram is this energy flow chart based on?
- Venn diagram
- Funnel diagram
- Sankey diagram
A: Sankey diagram

[Image]

What does an energy flow chart tell us and why do we need it?

Q: [Image]

Read the diagram and match the questions with the right answer
- Total U.S. energy consumption | 97.3 Quads
- Natural gas flowing into the commercial sector | 3.38 Quads
- Total energy consumed by the transportation sector | 26.9 Quads
- Total supply of nuclear energy | 8.13 Quads
- Rejected energy by the commercial sector | 3.18 Quads
- Geothermal energy consumed by the residential sector | 0.04 Quads

Q: [Image]

Read the energy flow chart and answer the question below:

- Which energy source is mostly used to generate electricity?
A: Natural gas

Q: [Image]

Read the energy flow chart and answer the question below:

- Which sector consumes most biomass?
A: Industrial

Q: [Image]

Read the energy flow chart and choose the right answer:

- Which sector consumes the least electricity?
- Residential
- Commercial
- Industrial
- Transportation
A: Transportation

Q: [Image]

According to the energy flow chart, the U.S. is using its coal resources mainly to...?
- generate electricity
- power up industries
- power up trains and transportation systems
A: generate electricity